Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan.
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
Ind Health. 2022 Jul 31;60(4):295-306. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2022-0063. Epub 2022 May 25.
The study aim was to examine whether flexible working time was associated with burnout and poor perceived health in relation to the work-related psychological/behavioral factors of self-endangering work behavior (SEWB), workaholism, work engagement, and job stressors. We analyzed data obtained from an Internet survey of 600 full-time Japanese employees. We also proposed a causal model using path analysis to investigate the overall relationships of burnout and perceived health to psychological/behavioral factors. The results indicated that flexible working time was associated with adverse work-related consequences and factors such as increased burnout, working hours, SEWB, workaholism, and job demands, and with positive factors such as improvement of work engagement. The path analysis suggested that burnout was caused by workaholism both directly and via SEWB, and by low job decision latitude, and was reduced by work engagement. Similarly, it was observed that poor health was caused by workaholism via SEWB, and reduced by work engagement. Thus, SEWB is driven by workaholism and plays a key role in the adverse health consequences of flexible working time. For workers to benefit from flexible working time, it is important to improve workaholism, SEWB, and low job decision latitude, and to develop work engagement in the workplace.
本研究旨在探讨弹性工作时间是否与工作相关的心理/行为因素（自我伤害行为、工作狂、工作投入和工作压力源）与倦怠和健康感知不良有关。我们分析了来自对 600 名日本全职员工的互联网调查的数据。我们还使用路径分析提出了一个因果模型，以调查倦怠和健康感知与心理/行为因素的整体关系。结果表明，弹性工作时间与不良的工作相关后果和因素有关，如倦怠增加、工作时间增加、自我伤害行为、工作狂和工作需求增加，以及工作投入改善等积极因素。路径分析表明，工作狂直接和通过自我伤害行为导致倦怠，而工作决策自主权较低则导致倦怠，工作投入则会降低倦怠。同样，工作投入也会降低工作狂导致的健康状况不佳，以及自我伤害行为导致的健康状况不佳。因此，自我伤害行为是由工作狂驱动的，在弹性工作时间对健康的不良影响中起着关键作用。为了使员工从弹性工作时间中受益，重要的是要在工作场所改善工作狂、自我伤害行为和工作决策自主权较低的问题，并培养工作投入。
