Miraghaie Ali M, Pouretemad Hamidreza, Villa Alessandro E P, Mazaheri Mohammad A, Khosrowabadi Reza, Lintas Alessandra
Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
NeuroHeuristic Research Group, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2022 May 9;16:765720. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.765720. eCollection 2022.
Individual behavior during financial decision making is motivated by fairness, but an unanswered question from previous studies is whether particular patterns of brain activity correspond to different profiles of fairness. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 39 participants who played the role of allocators in a Dictator Game (DG) and responders in an Ultimatum Game (UG). Two very homogeneous groups were formed by fair and selfish individuals. At fronto-central cortical sites, the latency of ERP early negativity (N1) was 10 ms shorter in selfish participants than in fair participants. In fair DG players, the subsequent positive wave P2 suggested that more cognitive resources were required when they allocated the least gains to the other party. P2 latency and amplitude in the selfish group supported the hypothesis that these participants tended to maximize their profit. During UG, we observed that medial frontal negativity (MFN) occurred earlier and with greater amplitude when selfish participants rejected less favorable endowment shares. In this case, all players received zero payoffs, which showed that MFN in selfish participants was associated with a spiteful punishment. At posterior-parietal sites, we found that the greater the selfishness, the greater the amplitude of the late positive component (LPC). Our results bring new evidence to the existence of specific somatic markers associated with the activation of distinct cerebral circuits by the evaluation of fair and unfair proposals in participants characterized by different expressions of perceived fairness, thus suggesting that a particular brain dynamics could be associated with moral decisions.
个体在财务决策过程中的行为受公平性驱动，但以往研究中一个未解决的问题是，特定的大脑活动模式是否与不同的公平性特征相对应。我们记录了39名参与者的事件相关电位（ERP），这些参与者在独裁者博弈（DG）中扮演分配者的角色，在最后通牒博弈（UG）中扮演回应者的角色。根据公平和自私程度将参与者分为两个非常同质化的组。在额中央皮质部位，自私参与者的ERP早期负波（N1）潜伏期比公平参与者短10毫秒。在公平的DG参与者中，随后的正波P2表明，当他们给对方分配最少收益时，需要更多的认知资源。自私组的P2潜伏期和波幅支持了这样的假设，即这些参与者倾向于最大化自己的收益。在UG过程中，我们观察到，当自私的参与者拒绝不太有利的禀赋份额时，内侧额叶负波（MFN）出现得更早，波幅更大。在这种情况下，所有参与者的收益都为零，这表明自私参与者的MFN与恶意惩罚有关。在顶叶后部部位，我们发现自私程度越高，晚期正成分（LPC）的波幅越大。我们的研究结果为存在特定的躯体标记提供了新的证据，这些标记与不同公平感表达特征的参与者在评估公平和不公平提议时不同脑回路的激活有关，从而表明特定的脑动力学可能与道德决策有关。
