Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Jun 27;7:312. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00312. Print 2013.
In the present study EEG was recorded simultaneously while two participants were playing the three-person ultimatum game (UG). Both participants received different offers from changing proposers about how to split up a certain amount of money between the three players. One of the participants had no say, whereas the other, the responder, was able to harm the payoff of all other players. The aim of the study was to investigate how the outcomes of the respective other are evaluated by participants who were treated fairly or unfairly themselves and to what extent agency influences concerns for fairness. Analyses were focused on the medial frontal negativity (MFN) as an early index for subjective value assignment. Recipients with veto-power exhibited enhanced, more negative-going, MFN amplitudes following proposals that comprised a low share for both recipients, suggesting that responders favored offers with a fair amount to at least one of the two players. Though, the powerless players cared about the amount assigned to the responder, MFN amplitudes were larger following fair compared to unfair offers assigned to the responder. Similarly, concerns for fairness which determined the amplitude of the MFN, suggested that the powerless players exhibited negative and conversely the responders, positive social preferences.
在本研究中，同时记录了两名参与者玩三人最后通牒游戏（UG）时的脑电图。两名参与者都收到了改变提议者关于如何在三名玩家之间分配一定数量金钱的不同提议。其中一名参与者没有发言权，而另一名参与者，即回应者，可以损害所有其他玩家的收益。研究的目的是调查自身受到公平或不公平对待的参与者如何评估对方的结果，以及代理对公平关注的程度有多大。分析集中在中额负向波（MFN）上，作为主观价值分配的早期指标。拥有否决权的收件人在包含双方低份额的提议后表现出增强的、更负向的 MFN 幅度，这表明回应者更喜欢对至少一名玩家给予公平份额的提议。然而，无权的玩家关心分配给回应者的金额，在分配给回应者的公平与不公平的提议中，MFN 幅度更大。同样，决定 MFN 幅度的公平关注表明，无权的玩家表现出消极的、相反的，回应者表现出积极的社会偏好。
