Bharanidharan Rajaraman, Thirugnanasambantham Krishnaraj, Ibidhi Ridha, Baik Myunggi, Kim Tae Hoon, Lee Yookyung, Kim Kyoung Hoon
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Front Microbiol. 2022 May 9;13:892605. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892605. eCollection 2022.
We identified metabolites in the seeds of (PA) and evaluated their effects on rumen methanogenesis, fiber digestibility, and the rumen microbiome and . Four rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (mean body weight 507 ± 32 kg) were used as inoculum donor for trial and live continuous culture system for trial. PA was tested at doses ranging from 4.5 to 45.2% dry matter (DM) substrate. The trial was divided into three phases: a control phase of 10 days without nylon bags containing PA in the rumen, a treatment phase of 11 days in which nylon bags containing PA (180 g) were placed in the rumen, and a recovery phase of 10 days after removing the PA-containing bags from the rumen. Rumen headspace gas and rumen fluid samples were collected directly from the rumen. PA is enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated by linoleic acid (C18:2) and flavonoids such as chlorogenate, quercetin, quercetin-3--glucoside, and quinic acid derivatives. PA decreased ( < 0.001) methane (CH) production linearly with a reduction of 24% at doses as low as 4.5% DM substrate. A quadratic increase ( = 0.078) in neutral detergent fiber digestibility was also noted, demonstrating that doses < 9% DM were optimal for simultaneously enhancing digestibility and CH reduction. , a 50% decrease ( = 0.087) in CH coupled with an increase in propionate suggested increased biohydrogenation in the treatment phase. A decrease ( < 0.005) in ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) was also noted with PA in the rumen. Analysis of the rumen microbiome revealed a decrease ( < 0.001) in the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio, suggesting PA to have antiprotozoal potential. At the genus level, a 78% decrease in spp. and a moderate increase in fibrolytic spp. were noted in the treatment phase. binding of PA metabolites to of supported the antiprotozoal effect of PA. Overall, based on its high nutrient value and antiprotozoal activity, PA could probably replace the ionophores used for CH abatement in the livestock industry.
我们鉴定了（PA）种子中的代谢产物，并评估了它们对瘤胃甲烷生成、纤维消化率以及瘤胃微生物群和的影响。四头装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦公牛（平均体重507±32千克）用作试验的接种物供体和试验的连续活体培养系统。PA在干物质（DM）底物含量为4.5%至45.2%的范围内进行测试。试验分为三个阶段：10天的对照阶段，瘤胃中不放置含PA的尼龙袋；11天的处理阶段，将含PA（180克）的尼龙袋放入瘤胃；从瘤胃中取出含PA的袋子后10天的恢复阶段。瘤胃顶空气体和瘤胃液样本直接从瘤胃中采集。PA富含以亚油酸（C18:2）为主的多不饱和脂肪酸以及绿原酸、槲皮素、槲皮素-3--葡萄糖苷和奎尼酸衍生物等类黄酮。PA使甲烷（CH）产量呈线性下降（<0.001），在DM底物含量低至4.5%时产量降低24%。中性洗涤纤维消化率呈二次增加（=0.078），表明DM含量<9%的剂量最适合同时提高消化率和减少CH排放。在处理阶段，CH减少50%（=0.087），同时丙酸增加，表明生物氢化作用增强。瘤胃中PA也使瘤胃氨氮（NH-N）减少（<0.005）。瘤胃微生物群分析显示拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的比例下降（<0.001），表明PA具有抗原生动物的潜力。在属水平上，处理阶段中 spp.减少78%，纤维分解性 spp.适度增加。PA代谢产物与的结合支持了PA的抗原生动物作用。总体而言，基于其高营养价值和抗原生动物活性，PA可能可以替代畜牧业中用于减少CH排放的离子载体。
