Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, United States.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2022 Aug;75:102555. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102555. Epub 2022 May 23.
Animals can learn efficiently from a single experience and change their future behavior in response. However, in other instances, animals learn very slowly, requiring thousands of experiences. Here, I survey tasks involving fast and slow learning and consider some hypotheses for what differentiates the underlying neural mechanisms. It has been proposed that fast learning relies on neural representations that favor efficient Hebbian modification of synapses. These efficient representations may be encoded in the genome, resulting in a repertoire of fast learning that differs across species. Alternatively, the required neural representations may be acquired from experience through a slow process of unsupervised learning from the environment.
动物可以从单一经验中高效学习，并根据经验改变未来的行为。然而，在其他情况下，动物学习非常缓慢，需要数千次的经验。在这里，我调查了涉及快速和慢速学习的任务，并考虑了一些假设，以区分潜在的神经机制。有人提出，快速学习依赖于有利于突触有效海伯修正的神经表示。这些高效的表示形式可能在基因组中编码，从而导致不同物种之间的快速学习能力的差异。或者，所需的神经表示形式可以通过从环境中进行的缓慢的无监督学习过程从经验中获得。
