Chen Xing, Zhang Wenfeng, He Jiaxin, Li Duanying, Xie Hezhi, Zhou Yanfeng, Sun Jian
Department of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2023 Jan;63(1):86-94. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.22.13502-4. Epub 2022 May 27.
In sports, 10 m, 30 m and 40m events are used to test the athlete's acceleration ability, which depends on the coordination of physiological and neural function and can be greatly improved through scientific training.
This study conducted a systematic meta-analysis on the intermittent time of post-activation potentiation enhancement (PAPE) and the outcome measure was the sprint ability in 10 m and 30 m events. Data Sources : Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Science Direct, Google Scholar, WanFang Data and CNKI. Study eligibility criteria : to qualify for inclusion in meta-analysis, the study must be: 1) healthy people (athletes, students); 2) randomized controlled trials; 3) Barbell squat was used to induce PAPE; 4) intervention period of at least 6 weeks; and 5) an outcome indicator of sprinting ability.
We used the inverse-variance random-effects model for meta-analyses. Effect sizes (standardized mean difference), calculated from measures of horizontally orientated performance, were represented by the standardized mean difference and presented alongside 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 9 studies including 141 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The sprint ability in 10 meters (ES=-0.03, P<0.0001) and 30 meters events (ES=-0.03, P=0.004) could be significantly improved when the intermittent time of PAPE was 4-8 min. When the intensity of the squat load was 85%1RM~100%1RM, compared with the intermittent time of 0-3min, 9-12min, and more than 13min, the sprint ability in 10 meters (ES=-0.04, P<0.0001) and 30 meters events (ES=-0.08, P=0.0001) was incredibly enhanced if the intermittent time was 4-8 minutes. Compared with college students, the sprint ability in 10-meter (ES=-0.03, P<0.0001) and 30-meter (ES=-0.04, P=0.001) events was significantly improved in athletes when the intermittent time of PAPE was 4-8 minutes. Compared with non-ball games, the sprint ability in 10 meters (ES=-0.04, P<0.0001) and 30 meters (ES=-0.09, P=0.0002) in ball games was significantly improved when the intermittent time of PAPE was 4-8 minutes.
Our meta-analysis indicated that when squats were used as the induction and the load intensity was 85% 1RM~100% 1RM, the sprint ability in 10-meter and 30-meter events could be significantly improved if the intermittent time was 4-8min. According to the analysis on different population, compared with college students and non-ball games, the 10-meter and 30-meter the sprint ability were significantly improved in athletes and ball games when the intermittent time was 4-8 minutes. Therefore, future research should focus on developing a reasonable combination of load stimulation and intermittent time according to the sprint ability to better induce PAPE.
在体育领域，10米、30米和40米项目用于测试运动员的加速能力，这取决于生理和神经功能的协调，并且可以通过科学训练得到显著提高。
本研究对激活后增强效应（PAPE）的间歇时间进行了系统的荟萃分析，结果指标是10米和30米项目的短跑能力。数据来源：科学网、PubMed、ProQuest、Embase、Science Direct、谷歌学术、万方数据和中国知网。研究纳入标准：要符合纳入荟萃分析的条件，该研究必须：1）健康人群（运动员、学生）；2）随机对照试验；3）使用杠铃深蹲诱导PAPE；4）干预期至少6周；5）短跑能力的结果指标。
我们使用逆方差随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。从水平方向表现的测量值计算得出的效应大小（标准化均值差），用标准化均值差表示，并与95%置信区间（CI）一起呈现。共有9项研究，包括141名参与者，符合纳入标准。当PAPE的间歇时间为4 - 8分钟时，10米项目（ES = -0.03，P < 0.0001）和30米项目（ES = -0.03，P = 0.004）的短跑能力可得到显著提高。当深蹲负荷强度为85%1RM~100%1RM时，与间歇时间为0 - 3分钟、9 - 12分钟和超过13分钟相比，如果间歇时间为4 - 8分钟，10米项目（ES = -0.04，P < 0.0001）和30米项目（ES = -0.08，P = 0.0001）的短跑能力会得到极大增强。当PAPE的间歇时间为4 - 8分钟时，与大学生相比，运动员在10米项目（ES = -0.03，P < 0.0001）和30米项目（ES = -0.04，P = 0.001）中的短跑能力显著提高。与非球类运动相比，当PAPE的间歇时间为4 - 8分钟时，球类运动中10米项目（ES = -0.04，P < 0.0001）和30米项目（ES = -0.09，P = 0.0002）的短跑能力显著提高。
我们的荟萃分析表明，当以深蹲作为诱导方式且负荷强度为85% 1RM~100% 1RM时，如果间歇时间为4 - 8分钟，10米和30米项目的短跑能力可得到显著提高。根据对不同人群的分析，与大学生和非球类运动相比，当间歇时间为4 - 8分钟时，运动员和球类运动中10米和30米的短跑能力显著提高。因此，未来的研究应专注于根据短跑能力制定负荷刺激和间歇时间的合理组合，以更好地诱导PAPE。
