Navarro-Tapia Elisabet, Codina Jana, Villanueva-Blasco Víctor José, García-Algar Óscar, Andreu-Fernández Vicente
Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain.
Biology (Basel). 2022 May 23;11(5):796. doi: 10.3390/biology11050796.
New synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are emerging rapidly and continuously. Biological matrices are key for their precise detection to link toxicity and symptoms to each compound and concentration and ascertain consumption trends. The objective of this study was to determine the best human biological matrices to detect the risk-assessed compounds provided by The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction: AB-CHMINACA, ADB-CHMNACA, MDMB-CHMICA, and 5F-MDMB-PINACA. We carried out a systematic review covering 2015 up to the present date, including original articles assessing detection in antemortem human biological matrices with detailed validation information of the technique. In oral fluid and blood, SC parent compounds were found in oral fluid and blood at low concentrations and usually with other substances; thus, the correlation between SCs concentrations and severity of symptoms could rarely be established. When hair is used as the biological matrix, there are difficulties in excluding passive contamination when evaluating chronic consumption. Detection of metabolites in urine is complex because it requires prior identification studies. LC-MS/MS assays were the most widely used approaches for the selective identification of SCs, although the lack of standard references and the need for revalidation with the continuous emergence of new SCs are limiting factors of this technique. A potential solution is high-resolution mass spectrometry screening, which allows for non-targeted detection and retrospective data interrogation.
新型合成大麻素（SCs）正在迅速且持续地涌现。生物基质对于精确检测它们以将毒性和症状与每种化合物及浓度联系起来，并确定消费趋势至关重要。本研究的目的是确定用于检测欧洲药物和药物成瘾监测中心提供的风险评估化合物的最佳人体生物基质：AB-CHMINACA、ADB-CHMNACA、MDMB-CHMICA和5F-MDMB-PINACA。我们进行了一项系统综述，涵盖2015年至今，包括评估生前人体生物基质中检测情况并具有详细技术验证信息的原始文章。在口腔液和血液中，SC母体化合物在口腔液和血液中浓度较低，且通常与其他物质共存；因此，很少能确定SCs浓度与症状严重程度之间的相关性。当将毛发用作生物基质时，在评估长期使用时难以排除被动污染。尿液中代谢物的检测很复杂，因为这需要事先进行鉴定研究。液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）分析是用于选择性鉴定SCs的最广泛使用的方法，尽管缺乏标准参考品以及随着新SCs不断出现需要重新验证是该技术的限制因素。一个潜在的解决方案是高分辨率质谱筛查，它允许进行非靶向检测和回顾性数据查询。
