Eleftheriades Makarios, Vousoura Eleni, Eleftheriades Anna, Pervanidou Panagiota, Zervas Iannis M, Chrousos George, Vlahos Nikolaos F, Sotiriadis Alexandros
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 May 1;12(5):1125. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12051125.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in the care of pregnant women and their fetuses. Emerging data show elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant women. Aims: The purpose of this article is to investigate the psychological and behavioral impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women in Greece during the first national lockdown. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, anonymous survey to collect data in two fetal medicine clinics in the largest urban centers of Greece during the months of April and May 2020. The questionnaire was largely based on the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS), and assessed sociodemographic characteristics, general health and obstetric data and COVID-19-related worries and life changes. Mood symptoms, substance use and lifestyle behaviors were assessed at two time points (3 months prior to the pandemic and the 2 weeks before taking the survey), while perceived stress was measured with the perceived stress scale (PSS-14). Results: A total of 308 pregnant women (Mage = 34.72), with a mean gestation of 21.19 weeks participated in the study. Over one-third of the women found COVID-19 restrictions stressful, and their highest COVID-19-related worry was having to be isolated from their baby. Mean PSS-14 score was 21.94, suggesting moderate stress. The strongest predictors of stress were physical and mental health status before COVID-19 and having experienced a stressful life event during their pregnancy. Compared to 3 months before the pandemic, women reported higher scores on mood symptoms (p < 0.001), TV use (p = 0.01) and social media use (p = 0.031) in the last 2 weeks before taking the survey. Conclusion: Our study provides important preliminary evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown on pregnant women’s well-being and functioning.
新冠疫情导致孕妇及其胎儿护理发生重大变化。新出现的数据显示孕妇的抑郁和焦虑症状有所增加。目的：本文旨在调查希腊首次全国封锁期间新冠疫情对孕妇的心理和行为影响。方法：我们采用横断面匿名调查，于2020年4月和5月在希腊最大城市中心的两家胎儿医学诊所收集数据。问卷主要基于冠状病毒健康影响调查（CRISIS），评估社会人口统计学特征、一般健康和产科数据以及与新冠相关的担忧和生活变化。在两个时间点（疫情前3个月和调查前2周）评估情绪症状、物质使用和生活方式行为，同时用感知压力量表（PSS - 14）测量感知压力。结果：共有308名孕妇（平均年龄 = 34.72岁）参与研究，平均孕周为21.19周。超过三分之一的女性认为新冠限制措施带来压力，她们与新冠相关的最大担忧是不得不与婴儿隔离。PSS - 14平均得分是21.94，表明压力适中。压力的最强预测因素是新冠疫情前的身心健康状况以及孕期经历过压力性生活事件。与疫情前3个月相比，女性在调查前最后2周报告的情绪症状得分更高（p < 0.001）、电视观看时间更长（p = 0.01）以及社交媒体使用更多（p = 0.031）。结论：我们的研究提供了重要的初步证据，证明新冠疫情和封锁对孕妇的幸福感和功能产生了负面影响。
