Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA.
Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Apr 27;13(5):775. doi: 10.3390/genes13050775.
has been a model system for meiosis since the discovery of nondisjunction. Subsequent studies have determined that crossing over is required for chromosome segregation, and identified proteins required for the pairing of chromosomes, initiating meiotic recombination, producing crossover events, and building a spindle to segregate the chromosomes. With a variety of genetic and cytological tools, remains a model organism for the study of meiosis. This review focusses on meiosis in females because in male meiosis, the use of chiasmata to link homologous chromosomes has been replaced by a recombination-independent mechanism. oocytes are also a good model for mammalian meiosis because of biological similarities such as long pauses between meiotic stages and the absence of centrosomes during the meiotic divisions.
一直以来，都是研究减数分裂的模式生物，自从发现不分离现象以来。随后的研究确定了交叉互换对于染色体分离是必需的，并鉴定了配对染色体、启动减数重组、产生交叉事件以及构建纺锤体以分离染色体所必需的蛋白质。利用各种遗传和细胞学工具，仍然是研究减数分裂的模式生物。本篇综述重点关注雌性减数分裂，因为在雄性减数分裂中，同源染色体的联会已被一种与重组无关的机制所取代。卵母细胞也是哺乳动物减数分裂的良好模型，因为存在生物学上的相似性，如减数分裂阶段之间的长时间停顿以及在减数分裂过程中没有中心体。
