Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 17;23(10):5595. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105595.
Smoking is a risk factor for a variety of deleterious conditions, such as cancer, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. Thrombosis is an important and common aspect of several cardiovascular disease states, whose risk is known to be increased by both first- and secondhand smoke. More recently, the residual cigarette smoke that persists after someone has smoked (referred to as thirdhand smoke or THS) has been gaining more attention, since it has been shown that it also negatively affects health. Indeed, we have previously shown that 6-month exposure to THS increases the risk of thrombogenesis. However, neither the time-dependence of THS-induced thrombus formation, nor its sex dependence have been investigated. Thus, in the present study, we investigated these issues in the context of a shorter exposure to THS, specifically 3 months, in male and female mice. We show that the platelets from 3-month THS-exposed mice exhibited enhanced activation by agonists. Moreover, we also show that mice of both sexes exposed to THS have decreased tail bleeding as well as decreased thrombus occlusion time. In terms of the role of sex, intersex disparities in thrombus development and hemostasis as well as in platelet aggregation were, interestingly, observed. Together, our findings show that exposing mice to THS for 3 months is sufficient to predispose them to thrombosis; which seems to be driven, at least in part, by an increased activity in platelets, and that it does not manifest equally in both sexes.
吸烟是多种有害状况的一个风险因素，如癌症、呼吸道疾病和心血管疾病。血栓形成是几种心血管疾病状态的一个重要且常见的方面，其风险已知会因一手烟和二手烟而增加。最近，人们越来越关注吸烟后残留的香烟烟雾（称为三手烟或 THS），因为已经表明它也会对健康产生负面影响。事实上，我们之前已经表明，6 个月暴露于 THS 会增加血栓形成的风险。然而，THS 诱导血栓形成的时间依赖性及其性别依赖性尚未得到研究。因此，在本研究中，我们在雄性和雌性小鼠中研究了更短时间暴露于 THS 的情况下的这些问题，具体为 3 个月。我们发现，来自 3 个月 THS 暴露的小鼠的血小板通过激动剂显示出增强的激活。此外，我们还表明，暴露于 THS 的雄性和雌性小鼠的尾巴出血减少，血栓闭塞时间减少。就性别角色而言，有趣的是，观察到血栓形成和止血以及血小板聚集的两性间差异。总之，我们的研究结果表明，将小鼠暴露于 THS 3 个月足以使它们易患血栓形成；这似乎至少部分是由血小板活性增加驱动的，而且在两性中并不均等。
