Jevtić Radivoje, Župunski Vesna, Lalošević Mirjana, Brbaklić Ljiljana, Orbović Branka
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 May 23;8(5):542. doi: 10.3390/jof8050542.
The utilization of production systems with reduced chemical input renewed the interest in Ustilago nuda and Pyrenophora graminea. The investigations of seed fungicide treatments are more related to their efficacy than to their contribution to yield gain. The data were collected from research and development trials on fungicide efficacy against U. nuda and P. graminea conducted from 2014 to 2020 in Serbia. Partial least squares, multiple stepwise regression and best subset regression were used for statistical modeling. The total number of plants infected with U. nuda and P. graminea per plot differed significantly in the seven-year period. Shifts in the predominance of one pathogen over the other were also shown. Temperature, total rainfall and relative humidity in flowering time (p < 0.001) influenced the occurrence of both pathogens. The strongest impact on yield loss was observed for temperature in the phenological phases of leaf development (p = 0.014), temperature in flowering time (p < 0.001) and total number of plants infected with U. nuda and P. graminea per plot (p < 0.001). Our results indicated that regression models consisting of both biotic and abiotic factors were more precise in estimating regression coefficients. Neither fungicidal treatment had a stable contribution to yield gain in the seven-year period.
减少化学投入的生产系统的应用重新唤起了人们对裸黑粉菌和禾本科核腔菌的兴趣。种子杀菌剂处理的研究更多地与其效果相关，而非其对产量增加的贡献。数据收集自2014年至2020年在塞尔维亚进行的针对裸黑粉菌和禾本科核腔菌的杀菌剂效果研发试验。采用偏最小二乘法、多元逐步回归和最佳子集回归进行统计建模。在这七年期间，每个地块感染裸黑粉菌和禾本科核腔菌的植株总数存在显著差异。还显示了一种病原菌相对于另一种病原菌优势地位的变化。开花期的温度、总降雨量和相对湿度（p < 0.001）影响了两种病原菌的发生。在叶片发育物候期的温度（p = 0.014）、开花期的温度（p < 0.001）以及每个地块感染裸黑粉菌和禾本科核腔菌的植株总数（p < 0.001）对产量损失的影响最为显著。我们的结果表明，由生物和非生物因素组成的回归模型在估计回归系数方面更为精确。在这七年期间，两种杀菌剂处理对产量增加均没有稳定的贡献。
