Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Molecules. 2022 May 14;27(10):3153. doi: 10.3390/molecules27103153.
and (Lamiaceae) are Balkan endemic plant species, and the composition of their essential oil (EO) is highly variable. The aim of the present study was to establish: (1) the EO variability in two populations of (the intrapopulation), and (2) the EO variation in between nine populations (interpopulation) from Bulgaria and two from Serbia. The EOs of two species were obtained from aboveground plant parts by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC/MS/FID. Overall, the EO yield on the intrapopulation level of varied from 0.54% to 2.15%, while the EO of varied from 0.04% to 0.43% (interpopulation). The EO of was found to contain thymol and carvacrol as the main constituents, with other major constituents being -cymene and -terpinene. samples in both studied populations formed six chemical groups. The major constituents (-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, bornyl acetate, -muurolene, -borneol, --ocimene, --ocimene, carvacrol, -pinene, thymoquinone, geranial, geranyl acetate, spathulenol, and caryophyllene oxide) of EO were considered for grouping the populations into ten chemotypes. The present study is the first report on the interpopulation diversity of EOs in Bulgaria. It demonstrated variability of the EOs between and within the populations of from Bulgaria. This study identified promising genetic material that could be further propagated and developed into cultivars for commercial production of and , thereby reducing the impact of collection on wild populations.
和（唇形科）是巴尔干半岛特有的植物物种，其精油（EO）的组成具有高度的可变性。本研究的目的是确定：（1）两个种群中的精油变异性（种内），以及（2）保加利亚的九个种群和塞尔维亚的两个种群之间的精油变化（种间）。两种的精油通过水蒸气蒸馏从地上部分植物中提取，并通过 GC/MS/FID 进行分析。总体而言，在种内水平上，的精油产量从 0.54%到 2.15%不等，而的精油产量从 0.04%到 0.43%（种间）。发现的精油含有百里酚和香芹酚作为主要成分，其他主要成分是-柠檬烯和-松油烯。在两个研究种群中，样品分为六个化学组。主要成分（-柠檬烯、萜品-4-醇、乙酸龙脑酯、-杜松烯、-龙脑、--罗勒烯、--罗勒烯、香芹酚、-蒎烯、百里醌、橙花醛、乙酸橙花酯、斯巴醇和丁香烯氧化物）被认为是将种群分为十种化学型的原因。本研究首次报道了保加利亚的精油在种间的多样性。它证明了保加利亚种群中精油在和之间的变异性。这项研究确定了有前途的遗传材料，可以进一步繁殖和开发成用于商业生产的品种，从而减少对野生种群的采集影响。
