Zhou Xuchang, Cao Hong, Guo Jianming, Yuan Yu, Ni Guoxin
School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 May 8;14(5):1012. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051012.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles that can be secreted by most cells. EVs can be released into the extracellular environment through exocytosis, transporting endogenous cargo (proteins, lipids, RNAs, etc.) to target cells and thereby triggering the release of these biomolecules and participating in various physiological and pathological processes. Among them, EVs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-EVs) have similar therapeutic effects to BMSCs, including repairing damaged tissues, inhibiting macrophage polarization and promoting angiogenesis. In addition, BMSC-EVs, as efficient and feasible natural nanocarriers for drug delivery, have the advantages of low immunogenicity, no ethical controversy, good stability and easy storage, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for many diseases. In particular, BMSC-EVs show great potential in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of BMSC-EVs in bone formation and bone resorption, which provides new insights for future research on therapeutic strategies for bone metabolic diseases.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是大多数细胞都能分泌的小膜泡。EVs可通过胞吐作用释放到细胞外环境中，将内源性物质（蛋白质、脂质、RNA等）运输到靶细胞，从而触发这些生物分子的释放，并参与各种生理和病理过程。其中，源自骨髓间充质干细胞的EVs（BMSC-EVs）具有与骨髓间充质干细胞相似的治疗作用，包括修复受损组织、抑制巨噬细胞极化和促进血管生成。此外，BMSC-EVs作为高效可行的天然药物递送纳米载体，具有免疫原性低、无伦理争议、稳定性好和易于储存等优点，从而为许多疾病提供了一种有前景的治疗策略。特别是，BMSC-EVs在骨代谢疾病的治疗中显示出巨大潜力。本文综述了BMSC-EVs在骨形成和骨吸收中的作用机制，为未来骨代谢疾病治疗策略的研究提供了新的见解。
