Lang Margit, Hirner Stefan, Wiesbrock Frank, Fuchs Peter
Polymer Competence Center Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, University of Technology Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 May 19;14(10):2074. doi: 10.3390/polym14102074.
Photopolymerizations, in which the initiation of a chemical-physical reaction occurs by the exposure of photosensitive monomers to a high-intensity light source, have become a well-accepted technology for manufacturing polymers. Providing significant advantages over thermal-initiated polymerizations, including fast and controllable reaction rates, as well as spatial and temporal control over the formation of material, this technology has found a large variety of industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms and kinetics are quite complex as the system moves quickly from a liquid monomer mixture to a solid polymer. Therefore, the study of curing kinetics is of utmost importance for industrial applications, providing both the understanding of the process development and the improvement of the quality of parts manufactured via photopolymerization. Consequently, this review aims at presenting the materials and curing chemistry of such ultrafast crosslinking polymerization reactions as well as the research efforts on theoretical models to reproduce cure kinetics and mechanisms for free-radical and cationic photopolymerizations including diffusion-controlled phenomena and oxygen inhibition reactions in free-radical systems.
光聚合反应是指通过将光敏单体暴露于高强度光源来引发化学-物理反应，它已成为一种广泛认可的聚合物制造技术。与热引发聚合反应相比，光聚合反应具有显著优势，包括快速且可控的反应速率，以及对材料形成的空间和时间控制，该技术已在众多工业应用中得到应用。由于系统从液态单体混合物迅速转变为固态聚合物，其反应机理和动力学相当复杂。因此，固化动力学的研究对于工业应用至关重要，它既能帮助理解工艺发展，又能提高通过光聚合制造的零件质量。因此，本综述旨在介绍此类超快交联聚合反应的材料和固化化学，以及在理论模型方面的研究成果，这些模型用于再现自由基和阳离子光聚合反应的固化动力学和机理，包括自由基体系中的扩散控制现象和氧抑制反应。
