Brooks Benjamin D, Beland Alexander, Aguero Gabriel, Taylor Nicholas, Towne Francina D
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA.
Inovan Inc., Fargo, ND 58103, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Apr 26;10(5):683. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050683.
Vaccination to prevent and even eliminate disease is amongst the greatest achievements of modern medicine. Opportunities remain in vaccine development to improve protection across the whole population. A next step in vaccine development is the detailed molecular characterization of individual humoral immune responses against a pathogen, especially the rapidly evolving pathogens. New technologies such as sequencing the immune repertoire in response to disease, immunogenomics/vaccinomics, particularly the individual HLA variants, and high-throughput epitope characterization offer new insights into disease protection. Here, we highlight the emerging technologies that could be used to identify variation within the human population, facilitate vaccine discovery, improve vaccine safety and efficacy, and identify mechanisms of generating immunological memory. In today's vaccine-hesitant climate, these techniques used individually or especially together have the potential to improve vaccine effectiveness and safety and thus vaccine uptake rates. We highlight the importance of using these techniques in combination to understand the humoral immune response as a whole after vaccination to move beyond neutralizing titers as the standard for immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy, especially in clinical trials.
预防甚至消除疾病的疫苗接种是现代医学最伟大的成就之一。疫苗研发仍有机会改善对全体人群的保护。疫苗研发的下一步是针对病原体，特别是快速演变的病原体，详细分子表征个体体液免疫反应。诸如对疾病反应的免疫组库测序、免疫基因组学/疫苗组学（特别是个体HLA变体）以及高通量表位表征等新技术为疾病保护提供了新见解。在此，我们重点介绍可用于识别人群中的变异、促进疫苗发现、提高疫苗安全性和有效性以及识别产生免疫记忆机制的新兴技术。在当今对疫苗持犹豫态度的环境下，单独或特别是联合使用这些技术有可能提高疫苗的有效性和安全性，从而提高疫苗接种率。我们强调在临床试验中尤其要联合使用这些技术来全面理解接种疫苗后的体液免疫反应，以超越将中和滴度作为免疫原性和疫苗效力标准的重要性。
