The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
Viruses. 2022 May 17;14(5):1076. doi: 10.3390/v14051076.
Flaviviruses include several emerging and re-emerging arboviruses which cause millions of infections each year. Although relatively well-studied, much remains unknown regarding the mechanisms and means by which these viruses readily alternate and adapt to different hosts and environments. Here, we review a subset of the different aspects of flaviviral biology which impact host switching and viral fitness. These include the mechanism of replication and structural biology of the NS3 and NS5 proteins, which reproduce the viral genome; rates of mutation resulting from this replication and the role of mutational frequency in viral fitness; and the theory of quasispecies evolution and how it contributes to our understanding of genetic and phenotypic plasticity.
黄病毒包括一些新出现和重新出现的虫媒病毒，每年导致数百万人感染。尽管这些病毒已经得到了相对较好的研究，但对于它们如何轻易地在不同的宿主和环境之间交替和适应的机制和手段，仍有很多未知之处。在这里，我们回顾了影响宿主转换和病毒适应性的黄病毒生物学的不同方面。其中包括 NS3 和 NS5 蛋白的复制机制和结构生物学，这些蛋白复制病毒基因组；由于这种复制而导致的突变率以及突变频率在病毒适应性中的作用；以及准种进化理论，以及它如何帮助我们理解遗传和表型可塑性。
