Nwaiwu Akuoma U, Musekiwa Alfred, Tamuzi Jacques L, Sambala Evanson Z, Nyasulu Peter S
Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
School of Health Systems & Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 23;21(1):1089. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06728-x.
Understanding the occurrence of yellow fever epidemics is critical for targeted interventions and control efforts to reduce the burden of disease. We assessed data on the yellow fever incidence and mortality rates in Africa.
We searched the Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Africa-wide and Web of science databases from 1 January 1975 to 30th October 2020. Two authors extracted data from included studies independently and conducted a meta-analysis.
Of 840 studies identified, 12 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. The incidence of yellow fever per 100,000 population ranged from < 1 case in Nigeria, < 3 cases in Uganda, 13 cases in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 27 cases in Kenya, 40 cases in Ethiopia, 46 cases in Gambia, 1267 cases in Senegal, and 10,350 cases in Ghana. Case fatality rate associated with yellow fever outbreaks ranged from 10% in Ghana to 86% in Nigeria. The mortality rate ranged from 0.1/100,000 in Nigeria to 2200/100,000 in Ghana.
The yellow fever incidence rate is quite constant; in contrast, the fatality rates vary widely across African countries over the study period. Standardized demographic health surveys and surveillance as well as accurate diagnostic measures are essential for early recognition, treatment and control.
了解黄热病疫情的发生情况对于采取针对性干预措施和控制措施以减轻疾病负担至关重要。我们评估了非洲黄热病发病率和死亡率的数据。
我们检索了1975年1月1日至2020年10月30日期间的Cochrane图书馆、SCOPUS、MEDLINE、CINAHL、PubMed、Embase、全非洲数据库和科学网数据库。两位作者独立从纳入研究中提取数据并进行荟萃分析。
在识别出的840项研究中，12项研究被认为符合纳入标准。每10万人口的黄热病发病率在尼日利亚低于1例、乌干达低于3例、刚果民主共和国为13例、肯尼亚为27例、埃塞俄比亚为40例、冈比亚为46例、塞内加尔为1267例、加纳为10350例。与黄热病疫情相关的病死率在加纳为10%，在尼日利亚为86%。死亡率在尼日利亚为0.1/10万，在加纳为2200/10万。
黄热病发病率相当稳定；相比之下，在研究期间非洲各国的病死率差异很大。标准化的人口健康调查和监测以及准确的诊断措施对于早期识别、治疗和控制至关重要。
