Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China.
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
Mol Immunol. 2022 Jul;147:180-186. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.005. Epub 2022 May 25.
Pollen allergens are vital contributors to allergic diseases. The frequency and coreactivity pattern of allergens are closely related to geographical distribution.
In this study, we aimed to characterize the prevalence of the molecular components of the common weed pollen allergens, birch pollen, walnut, and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD), as well as investigate the relationship between the allergens and CCD in Chinese pollen-sensitized patients with allergic diseases.
Based on previous vegetation surveys, serum samples from 165 pollen-sensitized patients with allergic diseases in Guangdong Province in southern China were used to test 19 crude allergen extracts, their components, and CCD using component-resolved diagnosis (CRD). Moreover, the potential associations among CCD, allergens, and their components were described.
In the 165 samples, the most common sensitized allergens were goosefoot (43.0%), ragweed (40.6%), walnut (37.6%), walnut tree (37.6%), and mugwort (37.0%), followed by platane (35.2%), cocklebur (27.9%), and birch (24.2%). The positivity rate of CCD was 39.4%. Among the samples positive for mugwort, 11 (18.0%), 15 (24.6%), and 15 (24.6%) were positive for Art v 1, Art v 2, and Art v 3, respectively. Among the 67 patients sensitized to ragweed, only five (7.5%) were positive for Amb a 1. In the 40 patients sensitized to birch, Bet v 2 had the highest positivity rate (40.0%). There were 62 patients who were sensitized to walnut. Their components had a lower positivity rate (less than 15%). The hierarchical clustering and optimal scale analysis showed that Art v 4 and Bet v 2 were closely related, and 91.9% of CCD-positive samples were polysensitized. Meanwhile, Spearman's rank correlation method showed that CCD was closely correlated with the sensitization of crude allergen extracts, and there was a low correlation between CCD and allergen components. CCD was highly correlated with goosefoot, ragweed, and walnut trees (r＞0.8). Moreover, there was a strong relationship between the levels of Jug r 3 and Art v 3 (r = 0.78; P < 0.001).
In southern China, the weed pollens (ragweed, cocklebur, and goosefoot) exhibited higher positivity rates in adults and had a stronger relationship with CCD but not with mugwort. The positivity rate of allergen components was not high. CCD-positive samples were always polysensitized.
花粉过敏原是引发过敏疾病的重要因素。过敏原的频率和核心反应模式与地理分布密切相关。
本研究旨在描述中国南方广东地区常见杂草花粉过敏原（桦树花粉、胡桃、十字花科植物花粉）的分子成分的流行情况，并探讨花粉致敏患者过敏原与十字花科植物花粉的关系。
根据以往的植被调查，采用基于成分的诊断（Component-resolved diagnosis，CRD）方法，对来自广东的 165 例花粉过敏患者的 19 种粗过敏原提取物、其成分和十字花科植物花粉进行检测。此外，还描述了十字花科植物花粉、过敏原及其成分之间的潜在关联。
在 165 例样本中，最常见的致敏过敏原是鹅儿肠（43.0%）、豚草（40.6%）、胡桃（37.6%）、胡桃楸（37.6%）和艾蒿（37.0%），其次是悬铃木（35.2%）、苍耳（27.9%）和桦树（24.2%）。十字花科植物花粉的阳性率为 39.4%。在艾蒿阳性的样本中，Art v 1、Art v 2 和 Art v 3 的阳性率分别为 11（18.0%）、15（24.6%）和 15（24.6%）。在 67 例豚草过敏患者中，仅 5 例（7.5%）阳性 Amb a 1。在 40 例桦树过敏患者中，Bet v 2 的阳性率最高（40.0%）。有 62 例患者对胡桃过敏，其成分的阳性率较低（低于 15%）。分层聚类和最优标度分析显示，Art v 4 和 Bet v 2 密切相关，91.9%的十字花科植物花粉阳性样本为多敏。同时，Spearman 秩相关法显示，十字花科植物花粉与粗过敏原提取物的致敏呈密切相关，与过敏原成分的相关性较低。十字花科植物花粉与鹅儿肠、豚草和胡桃楸密切相关（r＞0.8）。此外，Jug r 3 和 Art v 3 之间存在很强的相关性（r=0.78；P<0.001）。
在中国南方，杂草花粉（豚草、苍耳、鹅儿肠）在成人中阳性率较高，与十字花科植物花粉的关系更为密切，与艾蒿的关系则不密切。过敏原成分的阳性率不高。十字花科植物花粉阳性样本通常为多敏。
