Migrant Health Reference Group of Paediatrics Switzerland.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2022 May 31;152:w30200. doi: 10.4414/smw.2022.w30200. eCollection 2022 May 23.
With the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Army in February 2022, refugees, the majority of whom are women and children, started fleeing the war to neighbouring countries. Even before the current escalation, the conflict in the eastern part of Ukraine has led to the internal displacement of more than 200,000 children, and many others have experienced attacks, e.g. on schools. This inevitably leads to limitations in health care delivery. During transit, overcrowding, poor shelter and vulnerability may further put refugees at increased risk for infectious diseases. This consensus document aims to provide information and guidance regarding health issues that paediatricians and general practitioners may face when caring for Ukrainian children.
Members of the Migrant Health Reference Group of Paediatrics Switzerland and the Paediatric Infectious Disease Group in Switzerland developed this recommendation between March and April 2022 in a modified Delphi process.
A total of 50 recommendations were agreed on with a ≥80% consensus. These include the following topics: i) general aspects, including interpreter services, urgent health needs, personal history and general check-ups; ii) mental health, including how to search for signs of psychological distress without going into traumatic details; iii) vaccinations, including recommendations for evaluation and catch-up; iv) screening for tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B and C; and v) providing age-appropriate preventive and health service information.
This document provides current evidence and guidance when caring for paediatric refugees from Ukraine. The recommendations focus on Switzerland but may well be used in other countries. These are based on current evidence and may need to be adapted to individual situations and once further evidence becomes available.
2022 年 2 月，俄罗斯军队入侵乌克兰，大批难民开始逃离战争，逃往邻国。即使在当前局势升级之前，乌克兰东部的冲突也导致超过 20 万名儿童被迫流离失所，还有许多儿童经历了袭击，例如学校遭到袭击。这不可避免地导致医疗服务提供受到限制。在过境期间，过度拥挤、简陋的住所和脆弱性可能会使难民更容易感染传染病。本共识文件旨在为儿科医生和全科医生在照顾乌克兰儿童时可能面临的健康问题提供信息和指导。
瑞士儿科移民健康参考小组和瑞士儿科传染病组的成员于 2022 年 3 月至 4 月间在改良 Delphi 流程中制定了本建议。
共达成了 50 项共识度≥80%的建议。这些建议包括以下主题：i）一般方面，包括口译服务、紧急健康需求、个人病史和一般检查；ii）心理健康，包括如何在不涉及创伤细节的情况下寻找心理困扰的迹象；iii）疫苗接种，包括评估和补种建议；iv）结核病、人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型和丙型肝炎的筛查；以及 v）提供适合年龄的预防和健康服务信息。
本文件为照顾来自乌克兰的儿科难民提供了当前的证据和指导。这些建议侧重于瑞士，但也可以在其他国家使用。这些建议基于当前的证据，可能需要根据具体情况进行调整，一旦有更多证据出现，也需要进行调整。
