Li Qianling, Chen Xijing, Li Xiuli, Gorowska Monika, Li Zimin, Li Yonghui
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 May 11;13:884605. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.884605. eCollection 2022.
In recent years, much research has examined the effects of various interventions and treatments for smoking cessation. The results suggest that interventions targeting changes of nicotine content can help smokers reduce tobacco use or quit smoking. A number of clinical studies show that smokers who received an immediate reduction in nicotine content to very low levels have significantly greater reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked and toxic substance exposure compared to those with gradual reductions. However, from the perspective of smoking craving, whether the immediate and gradual reduction in nicotine content reduce smoking by reducing cravings needs further investigation.
74 eligible Participants were randomly allocated to one of the two experimental conditions: (1) immediate reduction to 0.1 mg of nicotine per cigarette ( = 40); (2) gradual reduction from 1.0 (0.8 g ~ 1.2 mg) to 0.1 mg of nicotine per cigarette ( = 34). All participants completed 1-week baseline period during which they smoked their usual cigarette, followed by 16-week of interventions. The primary outcomes included cigarette cravings and number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD); secondary outcomes included the number of cigarette-free day and emotional states.
Among the 52 participants [51 (98.1%) men; mean (SD) age, 33.44 (6.71) years; mean (SD) CPD, 16.83 (9.94)] who completed the trial, significantly lower cravings for cigarettes were observed in the immediate ( = 25) vs. gradual nicotine reduction group ( = 27) in the morning ( = -2.072, = 0.039) and after dinner ( = -2.056, = 0.041). Compared with the baseline daily smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was significantly reduced at the beginning of week 12 in the immediate nicotine reduction group ( = 0.001) and at week 16 in the gradual nicotine reduction group ( < 0.001). The number of participants with any cigarette-free day was not significantly different between the groups ( = 0.198). The number of cigarette-free days was significantly more in the immediate vs. gradual nicotine reduction group ( = 0.027).
The significantly lower cravings were observed in the immediate vs. gradual nicotine reduction group, and led to faster reduction in the number of CPD, and a significant increase in the number of cigarette-free days. These findings add to the evidence base for reduced nicotine content in cigarettes.
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: ChiCTR2100048216.
近年来，许多研究探讨了各种戒烟干预措施和治疗方法的效果。结果表明，针对尼古丁含量变化的干预措施有助于吸烟者减少烟草使用或戒烟。多项临床研究表明，与逐渐降低尼古丁含量的吸烟者相比，尼古丁含量立即降至极低水平的吸烟者在吸烟数量和接触有毒物质方面的减少幅度明显更大。然而，从吸烟渴望的角度来看，尼古丁含量的立即降低和逐渐降低是否通过减少渴望来减少吸烟尚需进一步研究。
74名符合条件的参与者被随机分配到两种实验条件之一：（1）每支香烟的尼古丁含量立即降至0.1毫克（n = 40）；（2）每支香烟的尼古丁含量从1.0（0.8克~1.2毫克）逐渐降至0.1毫克（n = 34）。所有参与者都完成了为期1周的基线期，在此期间他们吸自己常用的香烟，随后进行16周的干预。主要结局包括吸烟渴望和每日吸烟量（CPD）；次要结局包括无烟日数和情绪状态。
在完成试验的52名参与者中[51名（98.1%）男性；平均（标准差）年龄为33.44（6.71）岁；平均（标准差）CPD为16.83（9.94）]，与逐渐降低尼古丁含量组（n = 27）相比，立即降低尼古丁含量组（n = 25）在早晨（t = -2.072，P = 0.039）和晚餐后（t = -2.056，P = 0.041）对香烟的渴望明显更低。与基线每日吸烟量相比，立即降低尼古丁含量组在第12周开始时每日吸烟量显著减少（P = 0.001），逐渐降低尼古丁含量组在第16周时显著减少（P < 0.001）。两组中有无无烟日的参与者数量没有显著差异（P = 0.198）。立即降低尼古丁含量组的无烟日数明显多于逐渐降低尼古丁含量组（P = 0.027）。
与逐渐降低尼古丁含量组相比，立即降低尼古丁含量组的吸烟渴望明显更低，导致CPD数量更快减少，无烟日数显著增加。这些发现为降低香烟中尼古丁含量的证据库增添了内容。
ClinicalTrials.gov，标识符：ChiCTR2100048216。
