Nobari Sima, Rezvan Motahareh, Dashtestani Fariba, Gangi Mahdieh, Keshmiri Neghab Hoda
Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Avicenna J Med Biotechnol. 2022 Apr-Jun;14(2):104-113. doi: 10.18502/ajmb.v14i2.8883.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of very diverse viruses that cause a broad spectrum of diseases from mild to severe enteric, respiratory, systemic diseases, and common cold or pneumonia among humans and animals. This virus is associated with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and lung disease that lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). In December 2019, researchers identified a novel coronavirus type, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), which was associated with symptoms of high fever, dry cough, headache, diarrhea, and reduction of White Blood Cells (WBC). Coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease was named Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). No proven treatment has been discovered for COVID-19 so far, but researchers are trying to find the best effective way to treat this disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that facilitate the recovery of COVID-19 patients and reduce life-threatening complications are urgently needed now. Today, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and their secretion are utilized as one of the most applied tools to treat various diseases such as inflammation and cancer. MSC-derived vesicles are rich in various growth factors, cytokines, and interleukins that are produced and secreted under different physiological or pathological conditions. These vesicles were considered a suitable and effective tool in regeneration medicine because of their high power in repairing damaged tissues and modulating immune responses. Recently, evidence has shown MSC-derived vesicles through reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines could improve damaged tissues in COVID-19 patients. In addition to MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes, Natural Killer (NK) cells, T cells, and platelet lysates were used against viral infection. In this review, we tried to provide an overview of MSC secretion and immune cells for COVID-19 therapy.
冠状病毒（CoVs）是一类极具多样性的病毒，可引发从轻度到重度的一系列疾病，包括肠道、呼吸道、全身性疾病，以及人类和动物的普通感冒或肺炎。这种病毒与中东呼吸综合征（MERS）、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）以及导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的肺部疾病有关。2019年12月，研究人员鉴定出一种新型冠状病毒，称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV2），它与高烧、干咳、头痛、腹泻和白细胞（WBC）减少等症状有关。冠状病毒相关的急性呼吸道疾病被命名为冠状病毒病19（COVID-19）。到目前为止，尚未发现针对COVID-19的经证实有效的治疗方法，但研究人员正在努力寻找治疗这种疾病的最佳有效方法。因此，目前迫切需要有助于COVID-19患者康复并减少危及生命并发症的治疗策略。如今，间充质干细胞（MSCs）及其分泌物被用作治疗各种疾病（如炎症和癌症）最常用的工具之一。源自MSC的囊泡富含在不同生理或病理条件下产生和分泌的各种生长因子、细胞因子和白细胞介素。由于这些囊泡在修复受损组织和调节免疫反应方面具有强大作用，它们被认为是再生医学中一种合适且有效的工具。最近，有证据表明源自MSC的囊泡通过降低促炎细胞因子的表达，可以改善COVID-19患者受损的组织。除了MSCs和源自MSC的外泌体，自然杀伤（NK）细胞、T细胞和血小板裂解物也被用于对抗病毒感染。在这篇综述中，我们试图概述用于COVID-19治疗的MSC分泌物和免疫细胞。
