Valmari P, Kataja M, Peltola H
Scand J Infect Dis. 1987;19(1):19-27. doi: 10.3109/00365548709032373.
A nationwide epidemiological survey on invasive (blood and/or CSF culture positive) Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and meningococcal infections was performed in Finland in 1976-1980. The mean annual incidence of HI infection was 3.4/100,000 inhabitants (813 cases) vs. 2.0/100,000 (469 cases) of meningococcal infection. HI infections showed no geographical predilection, but meningococcal disease, mainly of group B, was more common in northern than in southern Finland (p less than 0.005). Meningitis accounted for 61% of the HI and 91% of the meningococcal infections. The overall fatality rates were 3.1% and 7.9%, respectively. Children accounted for 94% of the HI and 59% of the meningococcal cases. The overall annual incidence of bacterial meningitis in children (less than 15 years) was 19/100,000; in children less than 5 years it was 52/100,000. HI was the most common (62%) causative agent, followed by meningococci (18%) and pneumococci (5%). The fatality rate was 4%. Major neurological sequelae were found in 5%, minor ones in 16%. It was calculated that 42% of the cases of meningitis could have been prevented by vaccines now available on the market. Vaccines now under field investigation may increase the preventability to about 65%.
1976年至1980年期间，芬兰开展了一项关于侵袭性（血培养和/或脑脊液培养阳性）流感嗜血杆菌（HI）和脑膜炎球菌感染的全国性流行病学调查。HI感染的年平均发病率为3.4/10万居民（813例），而脑膜炎球菌感染为2.0/10万（469例）。HI感染无地域偏好，但脑膜炎球菌病（主要为B群）在芬兰北部比南部更常见（p<0.005）。脑膜炎在HI感染中占61%，在脑膜炎球菌感染中占91%。总体病死率分别为3.1%和7.9%。儿童占HI感染病例的94%，占脑膜炎球菌病例的59%。15岁以下儿童细菌性脑膜炎的总体年发病率为19/10万；5岁以下儿童为52/10万。HI是最常见的病原体（62%），其次是脑膜炎球菌（18%）和肺炎球菌（5%）。病死率为4%。5%的病例出现严重神经后遗症，16%出现轻微后遗症。据计算，目前市场上现有的疫苗可预防42%的脑膜炎病例。目前正在进行现场研究的疫苗可能会将可预防率提高到约65%。
