Roessler F, Grossenbacher R
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1987 Feb 7;117(6):209-16.
In spite of many recent advances in basic science, the etiology and pathogenesis of nasal and paranasal polyps have still not been clarified. Well defined causal factors are hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Allergic and non-allergic processes of the airways, particularly intrinsic asthma and intolerance to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), are implicated in the development of nasal polyposis. Histopathological studies of polyp tissue do not allow etiologic or prognostic conclusions, but are indispensable for the classification of structures involving clinical signs similar to nasal polyps. Causal antiallergic therapy is confined to the rare cases with an evident clinically relevant nasal allergy. Topical corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of nasal polyposis, but in extensive and obstructive polyps surgery is required. In severe polyposis of the ethmoid sinus endoscopically controlled endonasal ethmoidectomy is the surgical treatment of choice.
尽管基础科学最近取得了许多进展，但鼻息肉和鼻窦息肉的病因及发病机制仍未阐明。明确的致病因素是遗传性疾病，如囊性纤维化和原发性纤毛运动障碍。气道的过敏和非过敏过程，尤其是内源性哮喘和对非甾体抗炎药（NSAID）不耐受，与鼻息肉病的发生有关。息肉组织的组织病理学研究无法得出病因或预后结论，但对于涉及与鼻息肉相似临床体征的结构分类是必不可少的。病因性抗过敏治疗仅限于极少数有明显临床相关鼻过敏的病例。局部用皮质类固醇对鼻息肉病的治疗有效，但对于广泛和阻塞性息肉则需要手术治疗。在筛窦严重息肉病中，内镜控制下的鼻内筛窦切除术是首选的手术治疗方法。
