Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM). CONICET. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, 28196Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
ASN Neuro. 2022 Jan-Dec;14:17590914221104566. doi: 10.1177/17590914221104566.
Microglia are the resident tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent findings point out that in the steady state the major role of microglia, is to instruct and regulate the correct function of the neuronal networks and different components of the neurovascular unit in the adult CNS, while providing immune surveillance. Paradoxically, during CNS infection immune activation of microglia generates an inflammatory milieu that contributes to the clearance of the pathogen but can, in the process, harm nearby cells of CNS. Most of the knowledge about the harmful effects of activated microglia on CNS has arisen from studies on neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we will focus on the beneficial role and detrimental functions of microglial cells on the neighboring cells of the CNS upon infection.
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的固有组织巨噬细胞。最近的研究结果指出，在稳定状态下，小胶质细胞的主要作用是指导和调节成年 CNS 中的神经元网络和神经血管单元的不同组成部分的正常功能，同时提供免疫监视。矛盾的是，在 CNS 感染期间，小胶质细胞的免疫激活会产生炎症环境，有助于清除病原体，但在此过程中，也可能损害 CNS 附近的细胞。关于激活的小胶质细胞对 CNS 的有害影响的大部分知识都是来自于神经退行性疾病的研究。在这篇综述中，我们将重点讨论感染时小胶质细胞对 CNS 邻近细胞的有益作用和有害功能。
