Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Nutr Res. 2022 Aug;104:66-70. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.04.008. Epub 2022 May 4.
Higher omega-3 fatty acid blood levels, as assessed by the Omega-3 Index (O3I, erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic [EPA] + docosahexaenoic [DHA] percentage), have been linked with lower risk for cardiovascular disease and total mortality. Because seafood is an excellent source of EPA and DHA, we reasoned that people living on the coast with direct access to fresh seafood might have higher O3I levels than people living inland. Using O3I data originally collected for other purposes and an observational design, we compared the mean O3I from people in Newport, RI, with that of people living from 5 inland US cities (Indianapolis, IN; Charleston, WV; Lexington, KY; Oklahoma City, OK; and Memphis, TN). The Newport samples were collected at free, industry-sponsored health fairs, whereas the inland city samples were collected at free public health screenings sponsored by the Seafood Nutrition Partnership in 2014 through 2015. The mean (standard deviation) O3I in the Newport sample (n = 226) was 5.13% (1.34%) and the mean of the 5 cities (n = 1109) was 4.48% (1.08%) (P < .001). An O3I of ≥8% (considered optimal) was found in 3% of the Newport sample and in 1% of the pooled inland cities (P < .05). An O3I of ≤4% (considered low) was found in 22% of the Newport sample and in 41% of the pooled inland cities (P < .001). These data support our hypothesis, but because only 3% of those in the Newport sample had an O3I >8%, even greater seafood intake (or the use of fortified foods or dietary supplements) is needed to attain optimal omega-3 status.
血液中较高的欧米伽 3 脂肪酸水平（通过欧米伽 3 指数 [O3I，红细胞二十碳五烯酸 [EPA] 和二十二碳六烯酸 [DHA] 的百分比] 来评估）与心血管疾病和全因死亡率风险降低有关。由于海鲜是 EPA 和 DHA 的极好来源，我们推断，直接食用新鲜海鲜的沿海地区的人可能比内陆地区的人拥有更高的 O3I 水平。我们使用最初为其他目的收集的数据和观察性设计，比较了来自罗德岛州纽波特的人群的平均 O3I 与居住在五个美国内陆城市（印第安纳波利斯、西弗吉尼亚州查尔斯顿、肯塔基州列克星敦、俄克拉荷马城和田纳西州孟菲斯）的人群的 O3I。纽波特的样本是在免费的、由行业赞助的健康博览会上收集的，而内陆城市的样本是在 2014 年至 2015 年期间由海鲜营养伙伴关系免费公共健康筛查中收集的。纽波特样本（n=226）的平均（标准差）O3I 为 5.13%（1.34%），5 个城市的平均值（n=1109）为 4.48%（1.08%）（P<.001）。在纽波特样本中，有 3%的人 O3I≥8%（被认为是最佳水平），而在 pooled inland cities 中，这一比例为 1%（P<.05）。在纽波特样本中，有 22%的人 O3I≤4%（被认为是低水平），而在 pooled inland cities 中，这一比例为 41%（P<.001）。这些数据支持了我们的假设，但由于纽波特样本中只有 3%的人 O3I>8%，因此需要摄入更多的海鲜（或使用强化食品或膳食补充剂）才能达到最佳的欧米伽 3 状态。
