Roux C E, Goedeke R, Visser G R, van Zyl W A, Noakes T D
S Afr Med J. 1987 Mar 7;71(5):307-13.
During one 18-week season, in which players from 26 high schools played 3,350 rugby matches, 495 injuries prevented players from participating in rugby for at least 1 week; 71% occurred during matches and 29% during practices. Injury was more common during the first 4 weeks of the season and again in the same time period after the mid-season vacation. At all ages, A-team players suffered the greatest number of injuries. The safest playing positions were tight-forward and scrum-half; the most dangerous loose-forward and in the back-line excluding the scrum-half. Overall, eightmen were the most often injured players. Of all injuries 55% occurred while the player was tackling or being tackled and 18% during the loose scrum/maul. The lower limb (37%), the head and neck (29%) and the upper limb (20%) were most commonly injured, and fractures (27%), ligament/tendon injuries (25%) and muscle injuries (17%) were commonest. However, concussion injuries were underreported in 19 of the 26 schools. This study shows: that monitoring rugby injuries through correspondence results in underreporting of injuries; that rugby injuries show specific trends with age, team level, playing position, time of the season and phase of play; and that players in the different positions suffer specific injuries in predictable phases of the game. Speed of play may be the most important aetiological factor in the majority of rugby injuries.
在一个为期18周的赛季中，来自26所高中的球员进行了3350场橄榄球比赛，495起伤病导致球员至少有1周无法参加橄榄球运动；71%的伤病发生在比赛期间，29%发生在训练期间。伤病在赛季的前4周以及赛季中期假期后的同一时间段更为常见。在所有年龄段中，A队球员受伤数量最多。最安全的比赛位置是前排紧逼锋和传锋；最危险的是边锋以及除传锋外的后卫线位置。总体而言，八号球员是受伤最频繁的球员。在所有伤病中，55%发生在球员进行擒抱或被擒抱时，18%发生在松散争球/扭夺时。下肢（37%）、头部和颈部（29%）以及上肢（20%）是最常受伤的部位，骨折（27%）、韧带/肌腱损伤（25%）和肌肉损伤（17%）最为常见。然而，26所学校中有19所学校对脑震荡伤病报告不足。这项研究表明：通过通信方式监测橄榄球伤病会导致伤病报告不足；橄榄球伤病在年龄、球队水平、比赛位置、赛季时间和比赛阶段呈现出特定趋势；不同位置的球员在比赛的可预测阶段会遭受特定的伤病。比赛速度可能是大多数橄榄球伤病最重要的病因因素。
