Upton P A, Roux C E, Noakes T D
Department of Physiology, University of Cape Town.
S Afr Med J. 1996 May;86(5):531-3.
To establish the previous rugby experience, the knowledge and the use of injury prevention techniques by South African schoolboy rugby players.
Before the first full-contact match of the 1991 rugby season, 2,330 players completed a detailed questionnaire.
High schools in the Cape Province. Three thousand three hundred and thirty players from 25 schools selected because of a record of excellence in and commitment to schoolboy rugby.
Personal data including age, height, mass and rugby experience; history and nature of previous rugby injuries; knowledge of techniques known to prevent rugby injuries; parental and personal reasons for playing rugby.
The incidence and distribution of the different types of injuries previously sustained by the players were the same as those identified prospectively in the same population. A-team players were significantly heavier and taller than players in lower teams in most playing positions in most age groups. Although A-team players were more likely to participate in pre-season endurance or strength training, fewer than 40% of players overall trained adequately in the pre-season. Less than 30 minutes was allocated to the practice of tackling and falling techniques prior to the first full-contact match. Knowledge of different high-risk situations during play was generally sketchy, and only 24% of players wore gumguards all the time. More fathers (84%) than mothers (63%) encouraged their sons to play rugby.
The results indicate that the incidence and nature of the injuries reported retrospectively were similar to those reported in prospective studies at the same schools. The players' knowledge of techniques known to prevent rugby injuries was inadequate and too little attention was paid at the start of the rugby season to training and coaching techniques to reduce injury risk. Coaching errors may therefore have predisposed players to injury.
了解南非校际橄榄球运动员之前的橄榄球经历、预防损伤技术的知识及运用情况。
在1991年橄榄球赛季的首场全接触比赛前，2330名运动员完成了一份详细问卷。
开普省的高中。从25所学校挑选出3330名运动员，这些学校因在学校橄榄球运动方面表现卓越且投入度高而被选中。
个人数据，包括年龄、身高、体重和橄榄球经历；之前橄榄球损伤的病史及性质；预防橄榄球损伤技术的知识；参与橄榄球运动的家长及个人原因。
运动员之前遭受的不同类型损伤的发生率和分布情况，与在同一人群中前瞻性确定的情况相同。在大多数年龄组的大多数比赛位置上，A队球员比低级别球队的球员明显更重、更高。虽然A队球员更有可能参加季前耐力或力量训练，但总体上只有不到40%的球员在季前进行了充分训练。在首场全接触比赛前，用于练习擒抱和摔倒技术的时间不到30分钟。对比赛中不同高风险情况的了解普遍粗略，只有24%的球员始终佩戴护齿。鼓励儿子打橄榄球的父亲（84%）比母亲（63%）更多。
结果表明，回顾性报告的损伤发生率和性质与同一学校前瞻性研究报告的相似。运动员对预防橄榄球损伤技术的知识不足，在橄榄球赛季开始时，对降低损伤风险的训练和指导技术关注太少。因此，教练失误可能使运动员更容易受伤。
