Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022 Sep 9;114(9):1228-1237. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djac104.
International research and collaboration has been a part of the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) mission since its creation in 1937. Early on, efforts were limited to international exchange of information to ensure that US cancer patients could benefit from advances in other countries. As NCI's research grant portfolio grew in the 1950s, it included a modest number of grants to foreign institutions, primarily in the United Kingdom and Europe. In the 1960s, the development of geographic pathology, which aimed to study cancer etiology through variations in cancer incidence and risk factors, led to an increase in NCI-funded international research, including research in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we review key international research programs, focusing particularly on the first 50 years of NCI history. The first NCI-led overseas research programs, established in the 1960s in Ghana and Uganda, generated influential research but also struggled with logistical challenges and political instability. The 1971 National Cancer Act was followed by the creation of a number of bilateral agreements with foreign governments, including China, Japan, and Russia, to support cooperation in technology and medicine. Although these agreements were broad without specific scientific goals, they provided an important mechanism for sustained collaborations in specific areas. With the creation of the NCI Center for Global Health in 2011, NCI's global cancer research efforts gained sustained focus. Because the global cancer burden has evolved over time, increasingly impacting low- and middle-income countries, NCI's role in global cancer research remains more important than ever.
国际研究与合作自 1937 年国家癌症研究所（NCI）成立以来一直是其使命的一部分。早期，努力仅限于国际信息交流，以确保美国癌症患者能够从其他国家的进展中受益。随着 NCI 在 20 世纪 50 年代研究资助组合的增长，它包括向外国机构提供少量赠款，主要是在英国和欧洲。在 20 世纪 60 年代，地理病理学的发展旨在通过癌症发病率和危险因素的变化来研究癌症病因，这导致了 NCI 资助的国际研究增加，包括在低收入和中等收入国家的研究。在本文中，我们回顾了关键的国际研究计划，特别是重点关注 NCI 历史的前 50 年。NCI 领导的第一批海外研究计划于 20 世纪 60 年代在加纳和乌干达建立，产生了有影响力的研究，但也面临着后勤挑战和政治不稳定。1971 年《国家癌症法》之后，与包括中国、日本和俄罗斯在内的外国政府签订了多项双边协议，以支持技术和医学合作。尽管这些协议没有具体的科学目标，但范围广泛，为在特定领域进行持续合作提供了重要机制。随着 2011 年 NCI 全球健康中心的成立，NCI 的全球癌症研究工作得到了持续关注。由于全球癌症负担随着时间的推移不断演变，越来越多的中低收入国家受到影响，NCI 在全球癌症研究中的作用比以往任何时候都更加重要。
