Minhas Sadia, Kashif Muhammad, Rehman Zobaria, Idrees Muhammad, Ansari Farheen
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Section, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Med Virol. 2023 Jan;95(1):e27893. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27893. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
The development of oral and oropharyngeal cancers is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, debate exists about the prevalence of high-risk oral HPV (HR-HPV) and its associated risk factors. This study evaluated the distribution of genotypes and associated risk factors of oral HR-HPV infection in the normal oral mucosa of the Pakistani female population with general gynecological problems.
A total of 200 females from a regional gynecological hospital in Pakistan were included in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was carried out, followed by the study participants' oral and dental examinations. Whole saliva was collected by a drooling method. The viral DNA extraction and oral HR-HPV genotyping were detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Among the 200 females (mean age, 37.76 years), 22 females (11%) were positive for oral HR-HPV DNA. Single oral HR-HPV infection was seen in 8%, whereas co-infection was observed in 3% with HPV16 and HPV18 most common genotypes. Comparison of the risk factors like oral sex history odds ratio (OR 8.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-28.16; p < 0.005), and open-mouth kissing (OR, 5.17; 95% CI 1.48-27.41; p = 0.005) with oral HR-HPV infection was found to be significantly associated.
In Pakistan, oral HR-HPV-positive infection is not uncommon; HPV16 and HPV18 are the most frequent genotypes. Furthermore, this study also provides data that oral HR-HPV positive infection was significantly associated with sexual behaviors. Therefore, preventive health efforts, like health education and vaccination, should be practiced.
口腔和口咽癌的发生与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染有关。然而，关于高危口腔HPV（HR-HPV）的流行率及其相关危险因素存在争议。本研究评估了患有一般妇科问题的巴基斯坦女性人群正常口腔黏膜中口腔HR-HPV感染的基因型分布及相关危险因素。
本横断面研究纳入了巴基斯坦一家地区妇科医院的200名女性。进行了一份自填式问卷，随后对研究参与者进行口腔和牙科检查。通过流涎法收集全唾液。通过实时聚合酶链反应检测病毒DNA提取和口腔HR-HPV基因分型。
在200名女性（平均年龄37.76岁）中，22名女性（11%）口腔HR-HPV DNA呈阳性。8%的女性为单一口腔HR-HPV感染，3%的女性为合并感染，HPV16和HPV18是最常见的基因型。发现口腔性行为史优势比（OR 8.21，95%置信区间[CI] 1.85-28.16；p < 0.005）和张嘴亲吻（OR，5.17；95% CI 1.48-27.41；p = 0.005）等危险因素与口腔HR-HPV感染显著相关。
在巴基斯坦，口腔HR-HPV阳性感染并不罕见；HPV16和HPV18是最常见的基因型。此外，本研究还提供数据表明口腔HR-HPV阳性感染与性行为显著相关。因此，应开展健康教育和疫苗接种等预防性健康措施。
