Gamba Paolo, Guidetti Riccardo, Balzanelli Cristiano, Bavazzano Maurizio, Laborai Andrea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, LAB of Clinical and Instrumental Vestibology, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Vertigo Center, Poliambulatorio Chirurgico Modenese, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Audiol Res. 2022 May 10;12(3):249-259. doi: 10.3390/audiolres12030026.
in humans, spatial orientation consists of the ability to move around the environment through memorized and pre-programmed movements, according to the afferent sensory information of the body and environmental analysis of the Central Nervous System (CNS). The purpose of this study is to analyze the abilities of professional athletes, such as footballers, to use mental navigation systems, cognitive maps, and memorized motor patterns in order to obtain better physical performance and to obtain useful information for training both non-sports subjects and vestibular patients for rehabilitation purposes.
all the motor performances of sportsmen, healthy non-sporting subjects, or vestibular patients are based on the acquisition of visual-spatial and training information. In this study, we analyzed the visual-spatial performance of 60 trained sportsmen (professional footballers), 60 healthy non-sports subjects, and 48 patients affected by chronic unilateral vestibular loss by means of the Navigation Ability Test 2.0. A score based on the number of targets correctly reached in the various tests quantifies the degree of performance of the subjects.
NAT 2.0 scores progressively improve from vestibular subjects to healthy non-sporting subjects to footballers. NAT 2.0 scores improve in all three subject groups as the number of tasks performed in all patient groups increases, regardless of gender and age.
the analysis of performance data through NAT 2.0 in athletes (footballers) opens new perspectives for rehabilitation purposes, regardless of age, sex, and training conditions, both in healthy non-sporting subjects to improve their sporting potential and in patients affected by chronic vestibular dysfunction, in order to optimize their motor skills and prevent falls.
在人类中，空间定向能力包括根据身体传入的感觉信息和中枢神经系统（CNS）对环境的分析，通过记忆和预先编程的动作在环境中移动的能力。本研究的目的是分析职业运动员（如足球运动员）使用心理导航系统、认知地图和记忆运动模式的能力，以获得更好的身体表现，并为非运动受试者和前庭疾病患者的康复训练获取有用信息。
运动员、健康非运动受试者或前庭疾病患者的所有运动表现均基于视觉空间信息和训练信息的获取。在本研究中，我们通过导航能力测试2.0分析了60名训练有素的运动员（职业足球运动员）、60名健康非运动受试者和48名慢性单侧前庭功能丧失患者的视觉空间表现。基于在各种测试中正确到达目标的数量得出的分数量化了受试者的表现程度。
从前庭疾病患者到健康非运动受试者再到足球运动员，导航能力测试2.0的分数逐渐提高。在所有患者组中，随着执行任务数量的增加，三个受试者组的导航能力测试2.0分数均有所提高，且与性别和年龄无关。
通过导航能力测试2.0对运动员（足球运动员）的表现数据进行分析，为康复目的开辟了新的视角，无论年龄、性别和训练条件如何，对于健康非运动受试者可提高其运动潜力，对于慢性前庭功能障碍患者可优化其运动技能并预防跌倒。
