Julu Yoshang, Nagarathna Chikkanarasaiah
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022;15(Suppl 1):S63-S70. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2135.
Radiography is one of the most valuable diagnostic tools used in comprehensive dental care. Radiation from dental radiographs was thought to cause cytogenetic changes and its plausible effects can remain for some hours, months, or generations especially in children.
To evaluate and compare the possible genotoxic effect of routinely used intraoral periapical radiographic exposure and radiovisiographic exposure in exfoliated epithelial cells as measured by the formation of micronuclei during single visit pulpectomy procedure using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay in children.
Study comprised 60 healthy children who has undergone either intraoral periapical radiography (IOPAR; group 1, = 30) or radiovisiography (RVG; group 2, = 30) during various steps of single visit pulpectomy procedure. Cytological smears were taken from the buccal mucosa immediately before the X-ray exposure and 10 ± 2 days after exposure. The cells were stained with Feulgen and evaluated for micronuclei by scoring 1,000 cells per sample.
The genotoxic effect of radiation exposure from intraoral periapical radiography higher than that of RVG showing significant increase in micronucleus (MN) formation.
The X-ray radiation emitted during IOPAR or RVG does induce genotoxic changes in the form of increased frequency of micronuclei. So, great care and standard protocol should be followed to advice radiographs if necessary and reduce the cumulated biological effects of radiation exposure.
Taking into account the strong evidence of a relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis and the extensive application of intraoral radiographs in pediatric dentistry, it would be useful to know to what extent these dental X-rays cause genotoxic effects resulting in DNA damage on oral mucosa.
Julu Y, Nagarathna C. Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Effect in Children Exposed to Dental Radiographs during Pulpectomy Procedure-BMCyt Assay. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S63-S70.
放射照相术是综合牙科治疗中最有价值的诊断工具之一。牙科X光片的辐射被认为会引起细胞遗传学变化，其可能的影响可能会持续数小时、数月或几代人，尤其是在儿童中。
通过使用儿童颊黏膜微核细胞分析法（BMCyt），在单次就诊牙髓摘除术过程中，评估并比较常规使用的口腔根尖周放射照相术和数字容积断层摄影术（RVG）对脱落上皮细胞的潜在遗传毒性作用，以微核形成情况来衡量。
研究纳入60名健康儿童，他们在单次就诊牙髓摘除术的不同步骤中接受了口腔根尖周放射照相术（IOPAR；第1组，n = 30）或数字容积断层摄影术（RVG；第2组，n = 30）。在X射线照射前和照射后10±2天，从颊黏膜采集细胞学涂片。细胞用Feulgen染色，每个样本计数1000个细胞来评估微核情况。
口腔根尖周放射照相术的辐射遗传毒性作用高于数字容积断层摄影术，微核（MN）形成显著增加。
IOPAR或RVG期间发出的X射线辐射确实会以微核频率增加的形式诱导遗传毒性变化。因此，如有必要建议进行X光片检查时，应格外小心并遵循标准方案，以减少辐射暴露的累积生物效应。
考虑到DNA损伤与致癌作用之间关系的有力证据以及口腔X光片在儿童牙科中的广泛应用，了解这些牙科X射线在多大程度上会导致遗传毒性作用从而对口腔黏膜造成DNA损伤将是很有用的。
Julu Y, Nagarathna C. 牙髓摘除术过程中暴露于牙科X光片的儿童遗传毒性作用的生物监测——BMCyt分析法。《国际临床儿科牙科学杂志》2022；15（S - 1）：S63 - S70。
