Nigg B M, Segesser B
Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1986 Nov-Dec;124(6):765-71. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1045037.
One possible means of influencing and reducing the load on the human locomotive apparatus is the running shoe. Taking this as an example it can be shown how strategies for achieving this goal can be selected. The running shoe has three important characteristics: cushioning, support, and guidance. To achieve ideal cushioning, it is important to consider not so much the material of the inner sole, but rather the geometry of the shoe sole and the entire shoe. An analogous commentary may be made as regards support. By modifying the heel part of the shoe to approximate the human heel, pronation movement can be reduced. Lateral supports in the forefoot make it possible to control the propulsive movement (guidance). Consistent application of these considerations should bring about a reduction in the load on the locomotor apparatus and thus help prevent overstrain phenomena.
跑鞋是影响和减轻人体运动器官负荷的一种可能方式。以跑鞋为例，可以说明如何选择实现这一目标的策略。跑鞋有三个重要特性：缓冲、支撑和引导。为实现理想的缓冲，重要的不是过多考虑内底的材料，而是鞋底及整个鞋子的几何形状。关于支撑也可作类似评论。通过修改鞋跟部分使其接近人脚的后跟，可以减少内翻运动。前脚掌的侧向支撑能够控制推进运动（引导）。持续应用这些考量因素应能减轻运动器官的负荷，从而有助于防止过度劳损现象。
