Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Biofactors. 2022 Jul;48(4):857-882. doi: 10.1002/biof.1869. Epub 2022 Jun 1.
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a plant-derived compound and occurs naturally in various foods and spices, including cinnamon, citrus, fruits, clove, curry, and pepper. BCP showed different pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This article tried to gather updated knowledge of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of BCP and searched using various databases and appropriate keywords until April 2022. Several studies showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP are mainly provided through cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB ) receptor activation and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ pathway. It has also been demonstrated that BCP suppresses both protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and reduces relevant proinflammatory cytokines but increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13. Previous results indicated that the antioxidant effects of β-caryophyllene were suggested through different pathways, including activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/antioxidant axis and inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels. Furthermore, various results showed immunomodulatory effects of BCP through inhibiting microglial cells, CD and CD T lymphocytes, modulated Th /T immune balance through the activation of the CB receptor, and reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) and NF-kB activation and increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and IL-1β.
β-石竹烯（BCP）是一种植物衍生的化合物，天然存在于各种食物和香料中，包括肉桂、柑橘、水果、丁香、咖喱和胡椒。BCP 具有不同的药理作用，如抗氧化和抗菌特性。本文试图收集有关 BCP 的抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节作用的最新知识，并使用各种数据库和适当的关键字进行搜索，截至 2022 年 4 月。几项研究表明，BCP 的抗炎作用主要通过大麻素受体 2（CB ）受体激活和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）γ途径提供。还表明 BCP 抑制白细胞介素（IL）-6 的蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平，并降低相关促炎细胞因子，但增加抗炎细胞因子 IL-13。先前的结果表明，β-石竹烯的抗氧化作用是通过不同的途径提出的，包括核因子红细胞 2 相关因子-2（Nrf2）/血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）/抗氧化轴的激活和 HMG-CoA 还原酶活性的抑制，以及氧化应激生物标志物水平。此外，各种结果表明 BCP 通过抑制小胶质细胞、CD 和 CD T 淋巴细胞具有免疫调节作用，通过 CB 受体的激活调节 Th/T 免疫平衡，并减少丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）和 NF-kB 激活，增加离子钙结合适应蛋白-1（Iba-1）和 IL-1β。
