Department of Cognition, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 1;17(6):e0266762. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266762. eCollection 2022.
The aims of this study were to compare the parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers when evaluated in a free play situation at home and to study how these behaviors were related to the sociodemographic variables of the family. The study included 155 mothers and 155 fathers from the same families in Spain. The children (90 boys and 65 girls) were typically developing and were aged between 10 and 47 months old. The parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, and parenting behaviors in four domains (Affection, Responsiveness, Encouragement, and Teaching) were assessed from self-recorded videotapes, in accordance with the Spanish version of the PICCOLO. Our results showed both commonalities and differences between the mothers and fathers. The mean scores for the four parenting domains followed a similar pattern in both mothers and fathers: the highest mean score was in the Responsiveness domain, followed by the Affection, Encouragement, and the Teaching domains. Regarding the second aim, no differences were observed in parenting according to the child's gender and the only domain related to the child's age was mother's Teaching. Mothers with a higher educational level scored higher on all parenting domains, except for Responsiveness. Family income was positively related to maternal Affection, Encouragement, and the total PICCOLO score, and to the father's score in the Teaching domain. This study provides evidence that Spanish mothers and fathers show very similar strengths for promoting children's development during interactions. These results are relevant to inform social public policies and family programs.
本研究旨在比较母亲和父亲在家庭自由游戏情境中的育儿行为，并研究这些行为如何与家庭的社会人口学变量相关。该研究包括来自西班牙同一家庭的 155 名母亲和 155 名父亲。这些儿童（90 名男孩和 65 名女孩）发育正常，年龄在 10 至 47 个月之间。父母完成了一份社会人口学问卷，并根据 PICCOLO 的西班牙语版本，从自我录制的录像带中评估了四个领域（亲情、反应性、鼓励和教导）的育儿行为。我们的结果显示，母亲和父亲之间既有共同点，也有差异。四个育儿领域的平均得分在母亲和父亲中呈现出相似的模式：得分最高的是反应性领域，其次是亲情、鼓励和教导领域。关于第二个目标，根据孩子的性别，育儿行为没有差异，与孩子年龄相关的唯一领域是母亲的教导。受教育程度较高的母亲在所有育儿领域的得分都较高，除了反应性。家庭收入与母亲的亲情、鼓励和 PICCOLO 总分以及父亲在教导领域的得分呈正相关。这项研究提供了证据表明，西班牙母亲和父亲在促进儿童发展方面表现出非常相似的优势，在互动中。这些结果与告知社会公共政策和家庭计划有关。
