Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
SMART Research Institute (SMARTRI), PT SMART Tbk, Jalan Soekarno Hatta Umar 19, RT 001 RW 008, 28294, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Sep 1;317:115373. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115373. Epub 2022 May 29.
Extensive oil palm plantations have often resulted in the decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC). Several options exist to counter this, such as recycling empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a soil amendment. However, the extent to which EFB increase SOC has been disputed. Since EFB could also be used as a climate change mitigation tool, it is necessary to truly understand their impact on SOC. The investigation of the impact of nine EFB treatments (differing in frequency and application rates) on a 27-year-old large-scale experiment (Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia) revealed that, while EFB impacts are heterogeneous throughout the plantation, they can positively affect total SOC and permanganate oxidisable carbon (POX-C) both at shallow and deep depths (measured up to 100 cm). POX-C was closely correlated to SOC, but showed significant increases compared to the untreated control in all treatments, while total SOC was only increased in a few treatments with small and frequent rates of EFB application. Overall, between 12 (±16) and 56 (±12) t ha of carbon were sequestered under the harvesting path after 21 years. Focussing on the mineral nutrition value of the EFB, oil palm companies apply a rate of 60 t of EFB every second year for their commercial production, and the analysis of three commercial plots showed that the commercial rate only increased POX-C while it had no effect on the total SOC and SOC stocks. It seems obvious that a change of paradigm is necessary to consider EFB recycling as a new management perspective, where the potential for carbon sequestration becomes an important variable for climate change mitigation besides the initial objective of integrating EFB application into the fertiliser management plan of a plantation.
大面积的油棕种植园通常会导致土壤有机碳（SOC）减少。有几种选择可以用来应对这种情况，例如将废弃的果串（EFB）回收作为土壤改良剂。然而，EFB 增加 SOC 的程度存在争议。由于 EFB 也可以用作应对气候变化的工具，因此有必要真正了解它们对 SOC 的影响。对 27 年历史的大型实验（苏门答腊岛，印度尼西亚，楠榜）中 9 种 EFB 处理方式（在频率和应用率上有所不同）的影响的研究表明，虽然 EFB 的影响在整个种植园中是不均匀的，但它们可以在浅层和深层（测量深度高达 100cm）积极影响总 SOC 和高锰酸盐可氧化碳（POX-C）。POX-C 与 SOC 密切相关，但在所有处理中与未处理对照相比均有显著增加，而总 SOC 仅在少数应用 EFB 频率小而频繁的处理中增加。总体而言，经过 21 年的收获，在收获路径下封存了 12（±16）至 56（±12）吨碳。着眼于 EFB 的矿物营养价值，油棕公司在商业生产中每两年应用 60 吨 EFB，对三个商业地块的分析表明，商业应用率仅增加了 POX-C，而对总 SOC 和 SOC 储量没有影响。显然，需要改变范式，将 EFB 回收视为一种新的管理视角，除了将 EFB 应用纳入种植园施肥管理计划的初始目标外，碳封存的潜力也成为应对气候变化的一个重要变量。
