Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
Psychodyn Psychiatry. 2022 Summer;50(2):360-379. doi: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.2.360.
Childhood adversity alters the relational world of the child and inhibits the development of secure attachment bonds. The purpose of this article is to survey recent evidence that attachment insecurity has the potential to impair physical health throughout the lifespan. It is proposed that attachment insecurity contributes to disease risk through a range of mechanisms which include (1) disturbances in arousal and recovery within physiological systems that respond to stress; (2) physiological links between the mediators of social relationships, stress, and immunity; (3) links between relationship style and various health behaviors; and (4) disease risk factors that serve as external regulators of dysphoric affect, such as nicotine and alcohol. The evidence for these mechanisms, particularly the evidence that has accumulated since the model was first proposed in 2000, is presented and discussed.
童年逆境会改变儿童的关系世界，并抑制安全依恋关系的发展。本文旨在调查最近的证据，即不安全依恋有可能损害整个生命周期的身体健康。有人提出，不安全依恋通过一系列机制导致疾病风险，其中包括：（1）对压力做出反应的生理系统中的觉醒和恢复出现紊乱；（2）社会关系、压力和免疫的中介之间的生理联系；（3）人际关系风格与各种健康行为之间的联系；以及（4）作为抑郁情绪的外部调节因素的疾病风险因素，如尼古丁和酒精。本文介绍并讨论了这些机制的证据，特别是自 2000 年该模型首次提出以来积累的证据。
