Maunder Robert G, Hunter Jonathan J
University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Am Acad Psychoanal Dyn Psychiatry. 2008 Spring;36(1):11-32. doi: 10.1521/jaap.2008.36.1.11.
Childhood adversity alters the relational world of the child and inhibits the development of secure attachment bonds. The purpose of this article is to survey recent evidence that attachment insecurity has the potential to impair physical health throughout the lifespan. It is proposed that attachment insecurity contributes to disease risk through a range of mechanisms which include (1) disturbances in arousal and recovery within physiological systems that respond to stress; (2) physiological links between the mediators of social relationships, stress, and immunity; (3) links between relationship style and various health behaviors; and (4) disease risk factors that serve as external regulators of dysphoric affect, such as nicotine and alcohol. The evidence for these mechanisms, particularly the evidence that has accumulated since the model was first proposed in 2000, is presented and discussed.
童年逆境会改变儿童的关系世界，并抑制安全依恋关系的发展。本文的目的是综述近期的证据，即依恋不安全感有可能在整个生命周期中损害身体健康。有人提出，依恋不安全感通过一系列机制增加疾病风险，这些机制包括：（1）应对压力的生理系统中唤醒和恢复的紊乱；（2）社会关系、压力和免疫调节因子之间的生理联系；（3）关系风格与各种健康行为之间的联系；（4）作为烦躁情绪外部调节因素的疾病风险因素，如尼古丁和酒精。本文将呈现并讨论这些机制的证据，尤其是自2000年首次提出该模型以来积累的证据。
