Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 3):135164. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135164. Epub 2022 May 30.
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid posing harming the human food chain through trophic transfer. Microalgae are primary producers, ensuring bioaccumulation and biogeochemical cycling of As in water environment. They are highly efficient at removing As from the environment, making these microscopic organisms eco-friendly and money saving method in As remediation process. However, microalgal growth and As biotransformation potential relies greatly on individual and integrated environmental factors. This review scrutinizes the available literature on the As biotransformation potentials of various marine and freshwater microalgae under individual and integrated stresses of such factors. Various combinations of important factors such as temperature, salinity, concentrations of As (V) and PO, pH, light intensity, and length of exposure period are summarized along with the optimum conditions for different microalgae. The effects of environmental factors on microalgal growth, changes in cell shape, and the relationship between As biotransformation and other activities are discussed in detail. Time-dependent As speciation pattern by aquatic microalgae are reviewed. Conceptual models highlighting the microalgal species particularly linked with environmental factor-dependent As biotransformation mechanisms are also summarized. This review will contribute to an in depth understanding of the connection between environmental factors, As uptake, and the biotransformation mechanism of marine and freshwater microalgae from the perspective of As remediation process.
砷（As）是一种有毒的类金属，通过营养转移对人类食物链造成危害。微藻是初级生产者，确保砷在水环境中的生物积累和生物地球化学循环。它们非常有效地从环境中去除砷，使这些微生物成为砷修复过程中环保和省钱的方法。然而，微藻的生长和砷的生物转化潜力在很大程度上取决于个体和综合环境因素。本综述审查了有关各种海洋和淡水微藻在个体和综合这些因素的胁迫下的砷生物转化潜力的现有文献。总结了各种重要因素（如温度、盐度、砷（V）和 PO 的浓度、pH 值、光强和暴露时间长度）的各种组合，以及不同微藻的最佳条件。详细讨论了环境因素对微藻生长、细胞形状变化的影响以及砷生物转化与其他活动之间的关系。综述了水生微藻对砷的时变形态。还总结了强调与环境因子依赖的砷生物转化机制特别相关的微藻物种的概念模型。本综述将有助于从砷修复过程的角度深入了解环境因素、砷吸收以及海洋和淡水微藻的生物转化机制之间的联系。
