Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany.
Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Technology Management, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel.
Yearb Med Inform. 2022 Aug;31(1):40-46. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1742506. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
Climate changes are the major challenge in public and individual health, as they modify the ecosystem and yield contagious diseases from animal to human. Furthermore, we notice the rapid development of elderly, changing the population demographic. These critical measures have imposed economical costs, require trained personnel, and reduce the healthcare systems' performances.
COVID-19 pandemic showed that digital health paradigms such as m-health, telemedicine, and Internet of medical things (IoMT) should be further developed for such disasters. Quarantine was experienced frequently at different levels, which indicates the urgent need to develop smart medical homes for continuous monitoring of the patients. Human health, environment, and animals are the three interwoven aspects of public health that should be formulated under a conceptual and unified framework. Accident and Emergency Informatics (A&EI) considers the prediction and prevention of an individual's health in the long term and detects instant accidents and emergencies for further processes linking to hospital and rescue services for lowering the impact. One Digital Health (ODH) considers the health of the human, the animal, and the environment as a whole.
RESULTS & CONCLUSION: In this position paper, we discuss the mutual benefits of A&EI and ODH in disaster management. We outline the mission, current status of A&EI in healthcare, and summarize the most important development of A&EI-related scope in the other fields of science. We discuss developing smart environments to monitor environmental and animal aspects. Then we examine the use of the ODH framework for enhancing the A&EI capacities to deal with complex disasters. Moreover, we discuss the further development of the international standard accident number (ISAN) to include and link environmental and animal event related data. Besides, ODH will cope with the A&EI protocols and technical specifications to be part of A&EI in the application layer.
气候变化是公共和个人健康面临的主要挑战，因为它们改变了生态系统，并导致了动物向人类传播的传染病。此外，我们注意到老年人的迅速增加，改变了人口结构。这些关键措施带来了经济成本，需要训练有素的人员，并降低了医疗保健系统的性能。
COVID-19 大流行表明，移动医疗、远程医疗和医疗物联网（IoMT）等数字健康模式应该进一步发展，以应对此类灾害。不同层面的隔离措施经常被采用，这表明迫切需要开发智能医疗家庭，以对患者进行持续监测。人类健康、环境和动物是公共卫生的三个交织方面，应该在一个概念性和统一的框架下制定。事故和急诊信息学（A&EI）考虑了个体健康的长期预测和预防，并检测即时事故和紧急情况，以便与医院和救援服务进一步联系，从而降低影响。一个数字健康（ODH）将人类、动物和环境的健康视为一个整体。
在本立场文件中，我们讨论了 A&EI 和 ODH 在灾害管理中的相互益处。我们概述了 A&EI 的使命、在医疗保健中的现状，并总结了 A&EI 相关领域在其他科学领域的最重要发展。我们讨论了开发智能环境以监测环境和动物方面的问题。然后，我们考察了使用 ODH 框架来增强 A&EI 能力以应对复杂灾害的情况。此外，我们讨论了进一步制定国际事故编号（ISAN），以包括和链接与环境和动物事件相关的数据。此外，ODH 将应对 A&EI 协议和技术规范，成为 A&EI 在应用层的一部分。
