Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022 Jul 1;323(1):H176-H200. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
糖尿病是心血管疾病的一个主要危险因素，包括糖尿病性心肌病、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死和心力衰竭。由于心血管疾病是糖尿病患者死亡的首要原因，因此人们非常重视了解糖尿病促进心血管疾病的机制，以及抗糖尿病疗法如何影响糖尿病性心脏病。有多种模型可用于研究 1 型和 2 型糖尿病，该领域在回答这些问题方面取得了重大进展。然而，每种模型都有其自身的固有局限性。因此，本指南文件的目的是为该领域提供信息，了解哪些方面的心血管疾病在人类糖尿病患者中最能被现有模型复制。本综述旨在强调每种模型的优缺点，并强调涉及的实际挑战和技术考虑因素。我们将回顾糖尿病的临床前动物模型（基于其诱导方法），评估与糖尿病相关的动脉粥样硬化和心力衰竭模型，并讨论糖尿病性心脏病的体外模型。这些指南将使研究人员能够根据研究的具体问题选择适当的糖尿病性心脏病模型。
