Hamidi Amir Abbas, Taghehchian Negin, Basirat Zahra, Zangouei Amir Sadra, Moghbeli Meysam
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Biomark Res. 2022 Jun 4;10(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s40364-022-00382-4.
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most frequent endocrine malignancies that is more common among females. Tumor recurrence is one of the most important clinical manifestations in differentiated TC which is associated with different factors including age, tumor size, and histological features. Various molecular processes such as genetic or epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs are also involved in TC progression and metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process during tumor invasion and migration that affects the initiation and transformation of early-stage tumors into invasive malignancies. A combination of transcription factors, growth factors, signaling pathways, and epigenetic regulations affect the thyroid cell migration and EMT process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important molecular factors involved in tumor metastasis by regulation of EMT-activating signaling pathways. Various miRNAs are involved in the signaling pathways associated with TC metastasis which can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Since, the miRNAs are sensitive, specific, and non-invasive, they can be suggested as efficient and optimal biomarkers of tumor invasion and metastasis. In the present review, we have summarized all of the miRNAs which have been significantly involved in thyroid tumor cells migration and invasion. We also categorized all of the reported miRNAs based on their cellular processes to clarify the molecular role of miRNAs during thyroid tumor cell migration and invasion. This review paves the way of introducing a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic panel of miRNAs in aggressive and metastatic TC patients.
甲状腺癌（TC）是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤之一，在女性中更为常见。肿瘤复发是分化型TC最重要的临床表现之一，它与年龄、肿瘤大小和组织学特征等不同因素相关。各种分子过程，如基因或表观遗传修饰以及非编码RNA，也参与了TC的进展和转移。上皮-间质转化（EMT）是肿瘤侵袭和迁移过程中的一个重要生物学过程，它影响早期肿瘤的起始和向侵袭性恶性肿瘤的转变。转录因子、生长因子、信号通路和表观遗传调控的组合影响甲状腺细胞迁移和EMT过程。微小RNA（miRNA）是通过调节EMT激活信号通路参与肿瘤转移的重要分子因子。各种miRNA参与了与TC转移相关的信号通路，可作为诊断和治疗生物标志物。由于miRNA敏感、特异且非侵入性，它们可被认为是肿瘤侵袭和转移的有效且最佳生物标志物。在本综述中，我们总结了所有显著参与甲状腺肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭的miRNA。我们还根据其细胞过程对所有报道的miRNA进行了分类，以阐明miRNA在甲状腺肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭过程中的分子作用。本综述为在侵袭性和转移性TC患者中引入非侵入性miRNA诊断和预后指标铺平了道路。
