后跟触地跑者中，低垂直冲击速率和高垂直冲击速率的人有什么区别？
What differentiates rearfoot strike runners with low and high vertical load rates?
机构信息
Spaulding National Running Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, 1575 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Spaulding National Running Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, 1575 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
出版信息
Gait Posture. 2022 Jul;96:149-153. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.019. Epub 2022 May 20.
BACKGROUND
Runners with a rearfoot strike pattern typically show high vertical ground reaction force loading rates (LRs), that are associated with injuries, compared with forefoot strikers. However, some runners with a rearfoot strike pattern run in a way that reduces LRs. Our purpose was to identify differences in running mechanics between rearfoot strike runners with high and low vertical LRs.
METHODS
42 healthy runners, 21 with high (≥ 80.5 BW/s) and 21 with low (≤ 46.3 BW/s) LRs, were included in the current study. Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic data were then collected while participants ran along a 30 m runway. Running mechanics were calculated, including sagittal plane knee stiffness during early stance, the components of knee stiffness (Δ knee flexion and flexion moment), sagittal joint angles at initial contact, as well as cadence. The two LR groups were compared for differences in outcome variables using independent t-tests or Mann Whitney U tests.
FINDINGS
Knee stiffness was significantly lower in the low LR group (p < 0.01, d = 0.87), due to higher knee flexion excursion (p < 0.01, d = 1.38). At initial contact, the low LR group showed lower hip and knee flexion, but greater ankle and foot dorsiflexion (p = 0.01-0.04, d = 0.64-0.93). No differences were found in cadence.
INTERPRETATION
These results provide potential targets, related to gait kinematics and kinetics, for gait retraining aimed at reducing LRs in rearfoot strike runners.
背景
与前足着地者相比，后足着地的跑步者通常具有较高的垂直地面反作用力加载率（LR），这与受伤有关。然而，一些后足着地的跑步者以降低 LR 的方式跑步。我们的目的是确定高 LR 和低 LR 的后足着地跑步者在跑步力学方面的差异。
方法
本研究纳入了 42 名健康跑步者，其中 21 名 LR 较高（≥80.5 BW/s），21 名 LR 较低（≤46.3 BW/s）。然后收集参与者在 30m 跑道上跑步时的下肢运动学和动力学数据。计算跑步力学，包括早期站立时矢状面膝关节刚度、膝关节刚度的组成部分（Δ膝关节屈曲和屈曲力矩）、初始接触时的矢状关节角度以及步频。使用独立 t 检验或 Mann Whitney U 检验比较两组 LR 在结果变量上的差异。
结果
低 LR 组的膝关节刚度显著降低（p<0.01，d=0.87），这是由于膝关节屈曲度增加（p<0.01，d=1.38）。在初始接触时，低 LR 组的髋关节和膝关节屈曲度较低，但踝关节和足部背屈度较大（p=0.01-0.04，d=0.64-0.93）。步频无差异。
解释
这些结果提供了与步态运动学和动力学相关的潜在目标，可用于针对后足着地跑步者降低 LR 的步态再训练。
Zotero 插件