Arya Ashwani, Kaushik Deepak, Almeer Rafa, Bungau Simona G, Sayed Amany A, Abdel-Daim Mohamed M, Bhatia Saurabh, Mittal Vineet
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Front Nutr. 2022 May 18;9:871183. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871183. eCollection 2022.
The (CP), commonly known as , is considered as "elixir of life" by Indian people for the prevention or management of many ailments. The seed powder and its extract have widely used commercially for the preparation of various Ayurvedic formulations for the improvement of memory. CP seeds were generally extracted by conventional extraction methods (CEMs) which are assumed to impact environment burden and also produce low extract yield. Green extraction with possible improvement in extract yield has always been the need of hour for selected medicinal plant.
In the present research, we aimed to optimize the different extraction factors in microwave and ultrasound-based extraction. The various extracts obtained in conventional and green methods are also evaluated for the possible improvement in memory enhancing potential.
The selected medicinal herb was extracted by CEM (maceration and percolation). In green methods such microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted-extraction (UAE), various parameters were optimized using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses were also done to confirm the possible improvement in concentration of plant actives. The Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate memory enhancing potential of different extracts.
At the optimized conditions MAE and UAE the extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and Total flavonoid content (TFC) are significantly improved. The GC-MS analysis further confirms the improvement in concentration of certain fatty acid esters, pilocarpine, and steroidal compounds in optimized extracts. The optimized extracts also exhibited the significant improvement in behavioral parameters, oxidative stress-induced parameters, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential.
From the results, we can say that the application of green technologies in design-based extraction of selected herb not only significantly reduces the extraction time but also improves the extract yield and concentration of plant actives. In nutshell, it can be concluded that the green approaches for extraction of seeds of could be scale up at a commercial level to meet the rising demand for herbal extract.
羽扇豆（CP），俗称“生命之药”，被印度人视为预防或治疗多种疾病的“灵丹妙药”。其种子粉末及其提取物已广泛用于商业制备各种阿育吠陀配方以改善记忆力。CP种子通常采用传统提取方法（CEMs）进行提取，这些方法被认为会增加环境负担，且提取物产量较低。对于选定的药用植物而言，能够提高提取物产量的绿色提取方法一直是当务之急。
在本研究中，我们旨在优化基于微波和超声的提取中的不同提取因素。还对传统方法和绿色方法获得的各种提取物进行了评估，以确定其在增强记忆力潜力方面是否有可能得到改善。
选用的药用植物通过CEM（浸渍法和渗漉法）进行提取。在绿色提取方法中，如微波辅助提取（MAE）和超声辅助提取（UAE），使用Box-Behnken设计结合响应面方法对各种参数进行了优化。还进行了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析，以确认植物活性成分浓度的可能提高。使用瑞士白化小鼠评估不同提取物增强记忆力的潜力。
在优化条件下的MAE和UAE中，提取率、总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）均显著提高。GC-MS分析进一步证实了优化提取物中某些脂肪酸酯、毛果芸香碱和甾体化合物浓度的提高。优化后的提取物在行为参数、氧化应激诱导参数和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制潜力方面也有显著改善。
从结果可以看出，绿色技术在基于设计的选定草药提取中的应用不仅显著缩短了提取时间，还提高了提取物产量和植物活性成分的浓度。简而言之，可以得出结论，羽扇豆种子的绿色提取方法可以在商业规模上扩大，以满足对草药提取物不断增长的需求。
