Aseem Anam, Chaudhry Neera, Hussain Mohammed Ejaz
Jamia Millia Islamia, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences - New Delhi - Delhi - India.
Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Department of Neurology - New Delhi - Delhi - India.
Sleep Sci. 2022 Jan-Mar;15(1):88-94. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20220029.
Sleep disturbance is quite prevalent among students, which leads to deleterious consequences on health. Cranial electrostimulation (CES) has been speculated to entrain cortical slow waves; therefore, we investigated the efficacy of cranial electrostimulation to improve slow wave sleep in collegiates.
Twenty-eight students with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score >5 were randomly assigned into two groups: CES and control. Participants in CES group completed 60 minutes of CES intervention for 12 weeks with 100 µA microcurrent and 0.5 Hz frequency parameters during night. Pre- and post-intervention measures were taken for sleep architecture using over-night polysomnography (PSG) and sleep quality using PSQI. Participants were instructed to report to the laboratory at 10:00 p.m. and PSG was performed with electroencephalograms (EEG), chin electromyography (EMG) and bilateral electrooculogram (EOG) in place. Sleep stages were scored manually in accordance with the new AASM guidelines. PSG variables reported in the present study are sleep latency (SL), total sleep time (TST), percentage of N1, N2, N3, NREM (non-rapid eye movement), REM (rapid eye movement) and sleep efficiency (SE%).
After ascertaining the comparability of demographic and sleep variables at baseline for both the groups, a 2X2 mixed model ANOVA was employed. Significant between-group differences were obtained for N1% and N3% such that N1% decreased and N3% increased post CES. However, other PSG variables, along with PSQI score did not demonstrate statistically significant between-group difference.
The present study demonstrated that 12-weeks of CES improved N3% and reduced N1%. Future researches should be undertaken to build upon the findings of present study.
睡眠障碍在学生中相当普遍，会对健康产生有害影响。有人推测经颅电刺激（CES）可诱使皮质慢波；因此，我们研究了经颅电刺激改善大学生慢波睡眠的效果。
28名匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）得分>5的学生被随机分为两组：CES组和对照组。CES组参与者在夜间采用100μA微电流和0.5Hz频率参数完成12周、每次60分钟的CES干预。干预前后采用通宵多导睡眠图（PSG）测量睡眠结构，采用PSQI测量睡眠质量。参与者被要求晚上10点到实验室报到，进行PSG检查时记录脑电图（EEG）、颏肌电图（EMG）和双侧眼电图（EOG）。根据美国睡眠医学会（AASM）新指南手动对睡眠阶段进行评分。本研究报告的PSG变量包括睡眠潜伏期（SL）、总睡眠时间（TST）、N1、N2、N3、非快速眼动（NREM）、快速眼动（REM）的百分比以及睡眠效率（SE%）。
在确定两组基线时人口统计学和睡眠变量的可比性后，采用2×2混合模型方差分析。CES干预后，两组之间N1%和N3%存在显著差异，N1%下降，N3%上升。然而，其他PSG变量以及PSQI得分在组间未显示出统计学显著差异。
本研究表明，12周的CES改善了N3%并降低了N1%。未来的研究应在本研究结果的基础上进行。
