Kareta Michael S
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2016 Jun;2(3):103-112. doi: 10.1007/s40495-016-0054-1. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
Cellular reprogramming, whereby cell fate can be changed by the expression of a few defined factors, is a remarkable process that harnesses the innate ability of a cell's own genome to rework its expressional networks and function. Since cell lineages are defined by global regulation of gene expression, transcriptional regulators, and coupled to the epigenetic markings of the chromatin, changing the cell fate necessitates broad changes to these central cellular features. To properly characterize these changes, and the mechanisms that drive them, computational and genomic approaches are perfectly suited to provide a holistic picture of the reprogramming mechanisms. In particular, the use of bioinformatic analysis has been a major driver in the study of cellular reprogramming, both as it relates to induced pluripotency or direct lineage conversion. This review will summarize many of the bioinformatic studies that have advanced our knowledge of reprogramming and address future directions for these investigations.
细胞重编程是一个非凡的过程，通过表达一些特定的因子可以改变细胞命运，它利用细胞自身基因组的固有能力来重塑其表达网络和功能。由于细胞谱系是由基因表达的全局调控、转录调节因子以及与染色质的表观遗传标记相关联来定义的，因此改变细胞命运需要对这些核心细胞特征进行广泛的改变。为了恰当地描述这些变化及其驱动机制，计算和基因组方法非常适合提供重编程机制的整体图景。特别是，生物信息学分析的应用一直是细胞重编程研究的主要驱动力，无论是与诱导多能性还是直接谱系转化相关的研究。本综述将总结许多推进我们对重编程认识的生物信息学研究，并探讨这些研究的未来方向。
