Zhang Xin-Hai, Tao Yi, Zhou Yang-Liang, Tang Li-Guo, Liu Min, Xu Xiao-Mei
Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. E-mail:
Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. E-mail:
Zool Stud. 2021 Nov 3;60:e64. doi: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-64. eCollection 2021.
The inner ears of fish contain three pairs of otoliths-lapilli, asterisci and sagittae-which play important roles in hearing and balance. However, acoustic properties and dynamic responses of fish otoliths are poorly understood. The large yellow croaker (), like many species in the family Sciaenidae, is extremely sensitive to sound. The present study used sagittae as the research subject and examined the variation in shear stress on sagittae under different acoustic stimuli. For the first time, the sound speed of the sagitta was measured using ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques, and the acoustic impedance and natural frequency of the sagitta were calculated. adults (20-22 cm standard length, = 10) had a sagitta density of 2781.5 ± 28.06 kg/m3, sound speed of 4828-6000 m/s and acoustic impedance range of 13.4-16.7 MPa·s/m, approximately 9-11 times that of seawater (1.48 MPa·s/m). The natural frequency of the sagitta was 76.4-95.5 kHz. The shape and structural details of sagittae were reconstructed by 3D scanner and the shear stress responses of sagittae under different acoustic stimulus were investigated based on a finite element model. The simulation results showed that the shear stress responses tended to increase and then decrease in the range of sciaenid hearing frequency from 200 to 1300 Hz, peaking at 800 Hz. The shear stress responses varied with the direction of acoustic stimulus and peaked when the incident direction was perpendicular to the inner surface of the otolith. These results provide important parameters that may be used to protect from possible underwater noise damage, particularly during their spawning aggregations and over-wintering aggregations.
鱼类的内耳包含三对耳石——微耳石、星耳石和矢耳石——它们在听觉和平衡中发挥着重要作用。然而，鱼类耳石的声学特性和动态响应却鲜为人知。大黄鱼，与石首鱼科的许多物种一样，对声音极其敏感。本研究以矢耳石为研究对象，研究了不同声学刺激下矢耳石上剪应力的变化。首次采用超声脉冲回波技术测量了矢耳石的声速，并计算了矢耳石的声阻抗和固有频率。成年大黄鱼（标准体长20 - 22厘米，n = 10）的矢耳石密度为2781.5 ± 28.06千克/立方米，声速为4828 - 6000米/秒，声阻抗范围为13.4 - 16.7兆帕·秒/米，约为海水（1.48兆帕·秒/米）的9 - 11倍。矢耳石的固有频率为76.4 - 95.5千赫。通过三维扫描仪重建了矢耳石的形状和结构细节，并基于有限元模型研究了不同声学刺激下矢耳石的剪应力响应。模拟结果表明，在200至1300赫兹的石首鱼听觉频率范围内，剪应力响应先增大后减小，在800赫兹时达到峰值。剪应力响应随声学刺激方向的变化而变化，当入射方向垂直于耳石内表面时达到峰值。这些结果提供了重要参数，可用于保护大黄鱼免受可能的水下噪声损害，特别是在它们的产卵聚集期和越冬聚集期。
