Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2217144. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17144.
Menthol may make cigarette smoke less aversive and could lead youth to smoke more frequently and become more dependent on nicotine.
To assess the association of menthol use with cigarette smoking frequency and nicotine dependence (ND) among youth cigarettes users.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used a pooled sample of cohorts of US youth (aged 12-17 years at their baseline and follow-up interviews) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (September 2013 to November 2019). Household interviews were conducted using audio computer-assisted self-interviews. US youth who were past-30-day cigarette smokers at any of wave 2 through wave 5, completed the preceding survey (eg, wave 2 past-30-day cigarette smokers completed wave 1), and indicated whether they used menthol cigarettes were eligible. The association of menthol use with smoking frequency and ND was estimated using inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted mean differences (aMDs), adjusted risk ratios (aRRs), and corresponding 95% CIs. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to March 2022.
Menthol use and transitions in use (switching to or from menthol cigarettes).
Main outcomes were the number of days smoked in the past 30 days, the risk of frequent smoking (smoking ≥20 days in the past 30 days), and symptoms of ND.
There were a total of 1492 observations among 1096 US youth cigarette smokers, of whom 49.4% were female, 67.2% were non-Hispanic White, and 28.7% were aged 12 to 14 years at their baseline survey (all percentages are weighted). Among those who switched from not smoking to smoking (61% of the sample), menthol use was associated with smoking on 3.1 additional days (aMD; 95% CI, 1.9 to 4.2 days), 59% higher risk of being a frequent smoker (aRR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.06), and 10% higher ND scores (aMD, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.17). Switching from smoking menthol to smoking nonmenthol (vs maintaining menthol use) was associated with smoking on 3.6 fewer days (aMD; 95% CI, -6.3 to -0.9 days) and 47% lower risk of being a frequent smoker (aRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.92).
These findings suggest that the addition of menthol to cigarettes is associated with increased smoking frequency and ND among US youth.
薄荷醇可能会使香烟烟雾的味道不那么令人讨厌，从而导致青少年更频繁地吸烟，并对尼古丁产生更大的依赖性。
评估薄荷醇的使用与青少年吸烟频率和尼古丁依赖（ND）之间的关联。
设计、地点和参与者：本队列研究使用了美国青少年（基线和随访访谈时年龄为 12-17 岁）的人口烟草和健康评估研究（2013 年 9 月至 2019 年 11 月）的队列样本进行 pooled。家庭访谈使用音频计算机辅助自我访谈进行。在任何波 2 到波 5 中过去 30 天内吸烟的过去 30 天内吸烟的美国青少年，完成了前一次调查（例如，波 2 过去 30 天内吸烟的青少年完成了波 1），并表示他们是否使用薄荷醇香烟有资格参加。使用逆概率处理加权调整后的平均差异（aMD）、调整后的风险比（aRR）及其相应的 95%置信区间（CI）来估计薄荷醇使用与吸烟频率和 ND 的关联。数据于 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 3 月进行分析。
薄荷醇的使用和使用的转变（从非薄荷醇香烟转为薄荷醇香烟或反之）。
主要结局是过去 30 天内吸烟的天数、频繁吸烟的风险（过去 30 天内吸烟≥20 天）和 ND 症状。
共有 1096 名美国青少年吸烟者的 1492 个观察结果，其中 49.4%为女性，67.2%为非西班牙裔白人，28.7%在基线调查时年龄为 12 至 14 岁（所有百分比均为加权）。在从不吸烟转为吸烟的人群中（样本的 61%），薄荷醇的使用与吸烟增加了 3.1 天（aMD；95%CI，1.9 至 4.2 天），成为频繁吸烟者的风险增加了 59%（aRR，1.59；95%CI，1.23 至 2.06），ND 评分增加了 10%（aMD，1.09；95%CI，1.02 至 1.17）。从吸薄荷醇香烟转为吸非薄荷醇香烟（与维持吸薄荷醇香烟相比）与吸烟减少 3.6 天（aMD；95%CI，-6.3 至 -0.9 天）和成为频繁吸烟者的风险降低 47%（aRR，0.68；95%CI，0.50 至 0.92）有关。
这些发现表明，薄荷醇的添加与美国青少年吸烟频率和 ND 的增加有关。
