College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Phytomedicine. 2022 Aug;103:154196. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154196. Epub 2022 May 30.
Edible fungi resources have good application prospects in the research and development of food, medicine, and health products. Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries, as a precious edible and medicinal fungus, has long been used by Chinese medicine to treat urinary systems and related kidney diseases.
In recent years, researchers have discovered and isolated a variety of active compounds from P. umbellatus. Modern phytochemical and pharmacological experiments showed that the crude extract of P. umbellatus had many biological functions and could be widely used in the fields of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. This paper summarizes the active components of P. umbellatus, through elaborating its mechanism of action, further clarify the action substances, in order to improve the utilization rate of P. umbellatus, promote the development and application of P. umbellatus in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.
In this paper, the literatures related to P. umbellatus were summarized and classified by "China National Knowledge Instructure (CNKI)", "Google Scholar" and "Web of Science". Compared with other articles, this work systematically sorted out all the active substances with clear structures in P. umbellatus. On this basis, combined with the chemical composition of P. umbellatus, its functional efficacy was expounded, and the effects of different types of active substances in P. umbellatus were further presented.
The main chemical constituents of P. umbellatus include polysaccharide and sterol, and the secondary compounds include fatty acids, phenols and other small molecules. These active substances endowed P. umbellatus anti-cancer, antibacterial, diuretic, antioxidant, enhance immune system, promote hair growth and other pharmacological activities, which has been verified many times in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Modern in vitro or in vivo pharmacological experiments and clinical practice for the efficacy of P. umbellatus provides a strong support, and the separation of compounds in P. umbellatus has also deepened people's understanding of this traditional Chinese medicine, greatly promoted the development and application of P. umbellatus. However, the complex active substances of poring also hinder the research of P. umbellatus to some extent, and the mechanism of action and potential synergistic or antagonistic effect of the mixture of various active ingredients have not been clearly analyzed. How to use the bioactivity-guided separation strategy to identify more bioactive components and analyze the molecular mechanism of the main active components have become the main problems of P. umbellatus research, but also provides a direction for the further study of it.
食用真菌资源在食品、医药和保健品的研发方面具有良好的应用前景。猪苓（Pers.）Fries 作为一种珍贵的食用和药用真菌，长期以来一直被中医用于治疗泌尿系统及相关肾脏疾病。
近年来，研究人员从猪苓中发现并分离出多种活性化合物。现代植物化学和药理学实验表明，猪苓粗提取物具有多种生物学功能，可广泛应用于食品、医药和化妆品领域。本文综述了猪苓的活性成分，通过阐述其作用机制，进一步阐明作用物质，以期提高猪苓的利用率，促进猪苓在食品、医药和化妆品行业的开发和应用。
本文通过“中国知网（CNKI）”“Google Scholar”和“Web of Science”对猪苓相关文献进行了综述和分类。与其他文章相比，这项工作系统地整理了猪苓中所有具有明确结构的活性物质。在此基础上，结合猪苓的化学成分，阐述了其功能功效，并进一步呈现了猪苓中不同类型活性物质的作用。
猪苓的主要化学成分包括多糖和甾醇，次生代谢产物包括脂肪酸、酚类等小分子。这些活性物质赋予了猪苓抗癌、抗菌、利尿、抗氧化、增强免疫系统、促进头发生长等药理活性，在体内和体外实验中得到了多次验证。
现代体内或体外药理学实验和临床实践为猪苓的疗效提供了有力支持，猪苓化合物的分离也加深了人们对这种中药的认识，极大地促进了猪苓的开发和应用。然而，猪苓复杂的活性物质也在一定程度上阻碍了对其的研究，各种活性成分混合物的作用机制及潜在的协同或拮抗作用尚未得到明确分析。如何利用生物活性导向的分离策略来识别更多的生物活性成分，并分析主要活性成分的分子机制，已成为猪苓研究的主要问题，但也为其进一步研究提供了方向。
