Wang Baojun, Luan Fei, Bao Yiwen, Peng Xi, Rao Zhili, Tang Qiong, Zeng Nan
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Jul 15;293:115273. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115273. Epub 2022 Apr 9.
Osmanthus fragrans Lour., is a medicinal plant distributed widely in some Asian countries including Japan and Korea and southwestern China. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of weakened vision, halitosis, panting, asthma, cough, toothache, stomachache, diarrhea, rheumatism, physique pain and hepatitis.
Recent advances in traditional uses, botanical characteristics, distribution, taxonomy, phytochemical constituents, biological effects as well as the toxicities of O. fragrans are comprehensively presented and critically evaluated, and the underlying mechanism associated with the bioactivities of extracts, essential oil and components from this plant is also well summarized. In order to provide comprehensive scientific basis for the medical application and help interested researchers discover food and medicinal natural products from O. fragrans.
All information was systematically gathered from globally accepted scientific databases by Internet databases, including Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, SciFinder, ACS Publications, CNKI, WanFang, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, The Plant List Database, and other literature sources (Ph.D. and MSc dissertations). All published contributions on O. fragrans different languages were included and cited. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were drawn by using ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 software.
To date, more than 183 compounds were isolated and structurally identified from different plant parts of O. fragrans. Among them, ionone, ionol, flavonoids, polyphenols and iridoids, as the major bioactive substances, have been extensively studied and displayed the best bioactivity. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that O. fragrans and its active components had a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-thrombotic, anti-melanogenesis, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, etc. CONCLUSION: O. fragrans, as a food and medicinal resource, has a good health care function and important edible and medicinal value, and thus has good prospects for utilization. However, many studies on biological activities were mainly based on extracts and the bioactive ingredients of this plant, and the mechanism responsible for these extracts and ingredients have not been well identified and there is a gap in research regarding clinical effect and safety. Therefore, the detail in vitro and in vivo studies on the mechanisms of action of the pure bioactive compounds and more clinical studies are encouraged to be conducted to ensure safety and effectiveness of the plant for human use.
桂花（Osmanthus fragrans Lour.）是一种药用植物，广泛分布于包括日本、韩国和中国西南部在内的一些亚洲国家。它传统上用于治疗视力减退、口臭、气喘、哮喘、咳嗽、牙痛、胃痛、腹泻、风湿、身体疼痛和肝炎。
全面介绍并批判性评估桂花在传统用途、植物特征、分布、分类学、植物化学成分、生物学效应以及毒性方面的最新进展，并对该植物提取物、精油和成分的生物活性相关潜在机制进行总结。以便为其医学应用提供全面的科学依据，并帮助感兴趣的研究人员从桂花中发现食品和药用天然产物。
所有信息通过互联网数据库从全球公认的科学数据库中系统收集，包括爱思唯尔、科学Direct、PubMed、科学网、威利、施普林格、SciFinder、美国化学学会出版物、中国知网、万方、谷歌学术、百度学术、植物名录数据库以及其他文献来源（博士和硕士学位论文）。纳入并引用了所有已发表的关于桂花的不同语言的文献。所有分离化合物的化学结构均使用ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0软件绘制。
迄今为止，已从桂花的不同植物部位分离并鉴定出183种以上的化合物。其中，紫罗兰酮、紫罗兰醇、黄酮类、多酚类和环烯醚萜类作为主要生物活性物质，已得到广泛研究并显示出最佳生物活性。药理学研究表明，桂花及其活性成分具有广泛的生物活性，如抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗高血糖、抗血栓形成、抗黑色素生成、神经保护和肝脏保护活性等。
桂花作为一种食品和药用资源，具有良好的保健功能和重要食用及药用价值，因此具有良好的利用前景。然而，许多关于其生物活性的研究主要基于该植物的提取物和生物活性成分，这些提取物和成分的作用机制尚未得到很好的确定，在临床效果和安全性方面的研究存在差距。因此，鼓励开展关于纯生物活性化合物作用机制的详细体外和体内研究以及更多临床研究，以确保该植物对人类使用的安全性和有效性。
