College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China.
Shandong General Station of Agricultural Environmental Protection and Rural Energy, Jinan 250000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 3):156484. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156484. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
Microorganisms can modulate the contents of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in wheat grains. Increasing the essential nutrient element Zn and decreasing the toxic element Cd in wheat grains can significantly improve human health. To characterize the specific bacterial communities associated with Cd and Zn accumulation in wheat, we conducted a field experiment by planting wheat cultivars differing in their capacity for Cd and Zn accumulation. The grain Cd contents in wheat cultivars YN23 (0.078 mg kg), JN17 (0.080 mg kg), YN836 (0.081 mg kg) and LM2 (0.091 mg kg) were significantly lower than those in ZM32 (0.16 mg kg). The Zn contents were significantly higher in the grains of JN17 (44.36 mg kg), LM2 (42.22 mg kg) and ZM32 (43.19 mg kg) than YN23 (27.05 mg kg) and YN836 (29.70 mg kg). On the basis of contents and bio-concentration factors of Cd and Zn in wheat grain, JN17 and LM2 were identified as low-Cd- and high-Zn-accumulating cultivars, YN23 and YN836 were low-Cd- and low-Zn-accumulating cultivars, and ZM23 was a high-Cd- and high-Zn-accumulating cultivar. The relative abundance values of Gemmatimonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Beijerinckiaceae in the rhizospheres of low-Cd cultivars were significantly higher than those of high-Cd cultivars. High-Zn cultivars had higher abundance of Rhodanobacteraceae in the rhizosphere than did low-Zn cultivars. The low-Cd- and high-Zn-accumulating cultivars were enriched in Alphaproteobacteria and Gemmatimonadaceae, and strengthened nitrification function including aerobic_ammonia_oxidation and aerobic_nitrite_oxidation in the rhizosphere soil, thus contributing to the decreased Cd and increased Zn contents in wheat grains. Microbial technology is a promising method to control the contents of Cd and Zn in wheat grains.
微生物可以调节小麦籽粒中镉（Cd）和锌（Zn）的含量。增加小麦籽粒中必需的营养元素 Zn，并减少有毒元素 Cd，可以显著改善人类健康。为了研究与小麦中 Cd 和 Zn 积累相关的特定细菌群落，我们通过种植 Cd 和 Zn 积累能力不同的小麦品种进行了田间试验。品种 YN23（0.078 mg kg）、JN17（0.080 mg kg）、YN836（0.081 mg kg）和 LM2（0.091 mg kg）的籽粒 Cd 含量明显低于 ZM32（0.16 mg kg）。JN17（44.36 mg kg）、LM2（42.22 mg kg）和 ZM32（43.19 mg kg）的籽粒 Zn 含量明显高于 YN23（27.05 mg kg）和 YN836（29.70 mg kg）。基于小麦籽粒中 Cd 和 Zn 的含量和生物浓缩因子，JN17 和 LM2 被鉴定为低 Cd 和高 Zn 积累品种，YN23 和 YN836 为低 Cd 和低 Zn 积累品种，ZM23 为高 Cd 和高 Zn 积累品种。低 Cd 品种根际土壤中的 Gemmatimonadaceae、Sphingomonadaceae 和 Beijerinckiaceae 的相对丰度值明显高于高 Cd 品种。高 Zn 品种根际土壤中的 Rhodanobacteraceae 丰度高于低 Zn 品种。低 Cd 和高 Zn 积累品种富含 Alphaproteobacteria 和 Gemmatimonadaceae，并增强了根际土壤的硝化功能，包括好氧氨氧化和好氧亚硝酸盐氧化，从而降低了小麦籽粒中的 Cd 含量，增加了 Zn 含量。微生物技术是控制小麦籽粒中 Cd 和 Zn 含量的一种很有前途的方法。
